@article{fdi:010077352,
  title = {{S}ubmesoscales enhance storm-driven vertical mixing of nutrients : insights from a biogeochemical large eddy simulation},
  author = {{W}hitt, {D}. {B}. and {L}evy, {M}arina and {T}aylor, {J}. {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}torms deepen the mixed layer, entrain nutrients from the pycnocline, and fuel phytoplankton blooms in midlatitude oceans. {H}owever, the effects of oceanic submesoscale (0.1-10 km horizontal scale) physical heterogeneity on the physical-biogeochemical response to a storm are not well understood. {H}ere, we explore these effects numerically in a {B}iogeochemical {L}arge {E}ddy {S}imulation ({BLES}), where a four-component biogeochemical model is coupled with a physical model that resolves some submesoscales and some smaller turbulent scales (2 km to 2 m) in an idealized storm forcing scenario. {R}esults are obtained via comparisons to {BLES} in smaller domains that do not resolve submesoscales and to one-dimensional column simulations with the same biogeochemical model, initial conditions, and boundary conditions but parameterized turbulence and submesoscales. {T}hese comparisons show different behaviors during and shortly after the storm. {D}uring the storm, resolved submesoscales double the vertical nutrient flux. {T}he vertical diffusivity is increased by a factor of 10 near the mixed layer base, and the mixing-induced increase in potential energy is double. {R}esolved submesoscales also enhance horizontal nutrient and phytoplankton variance by a factor of 10. {A}fter the storm, resolved submesoscales maintain higher nutrient and phytoplankton variance within the mixed layer. {H}owever, submesoscales reduce net vertical nutrient fluxes by 50% and nearly shut off the turbulent diffusivity. {O}ver the whole scenario, resolved submesoscales double storm-driven biological production. {C}urrent parameterizations of submesoscales and turbulence fail to capture both the enhanced nutrient flux during the storm and the enhanced biological production. {K}ey {P}oints {P}hysical/biogeochemical large eddy simulations show that submesoscales enhance turbulent mixing and net community production during a storm {S}ubmesoscales suppress mixed-layer turbulence after the storm and facilitate the formation of vertical gradients of phytoplankton {O}cean models with grid spacings <2 km and common submesoscale and turbulence parameterizations fail to capture enhanced mixing or production},
  keywords = {storms ; phytoplankton bloom ; submesoscales ; turbulence ; large eddy ; simulation ; {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {124},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {8140--8165},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1029/2019jc015370},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077352},
}