Mahamat O. O. auteur aut IRD Tidjani A. auteur aut IRD Lounnas Manon auteur aut IRD Hide M. auteur aut IRD Benavides J. auteur aut IRD Somasse C. auteur aut IRD Ouedraogo A. S. auteur aut IRD Sanou S. auteur aut IRD Carriere C. auteur aut IRD Banuls Anne-Laure auteur aut IRD Jean-Pierre H. auteur aut IRD Dumont Y. auteur aut IRD Godreuil S. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) remains poorly documented in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE fecal carriage in Chad. Methods In total, 200 fresh stool samples were collected from 100 healthy community volunteers and 100 hospitalized patients from January to March 2017. After screening using ESBL-selective agar plates and species identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method, and ESBL production confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. The different ESBL genes in potential ESBL-producing isolates were detected by PCR and double stranded DNA sequencing. Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were determined using a PCR-based method. Results ESBL-PE fecal carriage prevalence was 44.5% (51% among hospitalized patients vs 38% among healthy volunteers; p < 0.05). ESBL-producing isolates were mostly Escherichia coli (64/89) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16/89). PCR and sequencing showed that 98.8% (87/89) of ESBL-PE harbored bla(CTX-M) genes: bla(CTX-M-15) in 94.25% (82/87) and bla(CTX-M)-(14) in 5.75% (5/87). Phylogroup determination by quadruplex PCR indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to group A (n = 17; 27%), C (n = 17; 27%), B2 (n = 9; 14%), B1 (n = 8; 13%), D (n = 8; 13%), E (n = 1; 1.6%), and F (n = 1; 1.6%). The ST131 clone was identified in 100% (9/9) of E. coli B2 strains. Conclusions The high fecal carriage rate of ESBL-PE associated with CTX-M-15 in hospital and community settings of Chad highlights the risk for resistance transmission between non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. specialized ESBL Enterobacteriaceae Fecal carriage Chad TCHAD 050 084 8 1 art. 169 [7 ] 2019 2047-2994 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077299 10.1186/s13756-019-0626-z 2047-2994 [F B010077299] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077299 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-11/010077299.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2019-12-12 2025-02-24 fdi:010077299 fre