@article{fdi:010077171,
  title = {{A}ssociation of {APOL}1 renal disease risk alleles with {T}rypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection outcomes in the northern part of {M}alawi},
  author = {{K}amoto, {K}. and {N}oyes, {H}. and {N}ambala, {P}. and {S}enga, {E}. and {M}usaya-{M}walija, {J}. and {K}umwenda, {B}. and {B}ucheton, {B}runo and {M}acleod, {A}. and {H}erz-{F}owler, {C}. and {M}atovu, {E}. and {C}hiwaya, {A}. {M}. and {C}hisi, {J}. {E}. and {T}rypano{GEN} {R}esearch {G}roup {H}3{A}frica {C}onsortium},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}rypanosoma brucei ({T}.b.) rhodesiense is the cause of the acute form of human {A}frican trypanosomiasis ({HAT}) in eastern and southern {A}frican countries. {T}here is some evidence that there is diversity in the disease progression of {T}.b. rhodesiense in different countries. {HAT} in {M}alawi is associated with a chronic haemo-lymphatic stage infection compared to other countries, such as {U}ganda, where the disease is acute with more marked neurological impairment. {T}his has raised the question of the role of host genetic factors in infection outcomes. {A} candidate gene association study was conducted in the northern region of {M}alawi. {T}his was a case-control study involving 202 subjects, 70 cases and 132 controls. {A}ll individuals were from one area; born in the area and had been exposed to the risk of infection since birth. {N}inety-six markers were genotyped from 17 genes: {IL}10, {IL}8, {IL}4, {HLA}-{G}, {TNFA}, {IL}6, {IFNG}, {MIF}, {APOL}, {HLA}-{A}, {IL}1{B}, {IL}4{R}, {IL}12{B}, {IL}12{R}, {HP}, {HPR}, and {CFH}. {T}here was a strong significant association with {APOL}1 {G}2 allele (p = 0.0000105, {OR} = 0.14, {CI}95 = [0.05-0.41], {BONF} = 0.00068) indicating that carriers of the {G}2 allele were protected against {T}.b. rhodesiense {HAT}. {SNP} rs2069845 in {IL}6 had raw p < 0.05, but did not remain significant after {B}onferroni correction. {T}here were no associations found with the other 15 candidate genes. {O}ur finding confirms results from other studies that the {G}2 variant of {APOL}1 is associated with protection against {T}.b. rhodesiense {HAT}.},
  keywords = {{MALAWI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e0007603 [12 ]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007603},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077171},
}