@article{fdi:010077167,
  title = {{T}he rhizobial type {III} effector {E}rn{A} confers the ability to form nodules in legumes},
  author = {{T}eulet, {A}. and {B}usset, {N}. and {F}ardoux, {J}o{\¨e}l and {G}ully, {D}jamel and {C}haintreuil, {C}l{\'e}mence and {C}artieaux, {F}abienne and {J}auneau, {A}. and {C}omorge, {V}. and {O}kazaki, {S}. and {K}aneko, {T}. and {G}ressent, {F}. and {N}ouwen, {N}ico and {A}rrighi, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {K}oebnik, {R}alf and {M}ergaert, {P}. and {D}eslandes, {L}. and {G}iraud, {E}ric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}everal {B}radyrhizobium species nodulate the leguminous plant {A}eschynomene indica in a type {III} secretion system-dependent manner, independently of {N}od factors. {T}o date, the underlying molecular determinants involved in this symbiotic process remain unknown. {T}o identify the rhizobial effectors involved in nodulation, we mutated 23 out of the 27 effector genes predicted in {B}radyrhizobium strain {ORS}3257. {T}he mutation of nop{AO} increased nodulation and nitrogenase activity, whereas mutation of 5 other effector genes led to various symbiotic defects. {T}he nop{M}1 and nop{P}1 mutants induced a reduced number of nodules, some of which displayed large necrotic zones. {T}he nop{T} and nop{AB} mutants induced uninfected nodules, and a mutant in a yet-undescribed effector gene lost the capacity for nodule formation. {T}his effector gene, widely conserved among bradyrhizobia, was named ern{A} for "effector required for nodulation-{A}." {R}emarkably, expressing ern{A} in a strain unable to nodulate {A}. indica conferred nodulation ability. {U}pon its delivery by {P}seudomonas fluorescens into plant cells, {E}rn{A} was specifically targeted to the nucleus, and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy approach supports the possibility that {E}rn{A} binds nucleic acids in the plant nuclei. {E}ctopic expression of ern{A} in {A}. indica roots activated organogenesis of root- and nodule-like structures. {C}ollectively, this study unravels the symbiotic functions of rhizobial type {III} effectors playing distinct and complementary roles in suppression of host immune functions, infection, and nodule organogenesis, and suggests that {E}rn{A} triggers organ development in plants by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated.},
  keywords = {{B}radyrhizobium ; {T}3{SS} ; symbiosis ; nodulation ; legume},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {116},
  numero = {43},
  pages = {21758--21768},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1904456116},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077167},
}