@article{fdi:010077135,
  title = {{M}olecular typing reveals high genetic diversity of {X}anthomonas translucens strains infecting small-grain cereals in {I}ran},
  author = {{K}hojasteh, {M}. and {T}aghavi, {S}. {M}. and {K}hodaygan, {P}. and {H}amzehzarghani, {H}. and {C}hen, {G}. {Y}. and {B}ragard, {C}. and {K}oebnik, {R}alf and {O}sdaghi, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study provides a phylogeographic insight into the population diversity of {X}anthomonas translucens strains causing bacterial leaf streak disease of small-grain cereals in {I}ran. {A}mong the 65 bacterial strains isolated from wheat, barley, and gramineous weeds in eight {I}ranian provinces, multilocus sequence analysis and typing ({MLSA} and {MLST}) of four housekeeping genes (dna{K}, fyu{A}, gyr{B}, and rpo{D}), identified 57 strains as {X}. translucens pv. undulosa, while eight strains were identified as {X}. translucens pv. translucens. {A}lthough the pathogenicity patterns on oat and ryegrass weed species varied among the strains, all {X}. translucens pv. undulosa strains were pathogenic on barley, {H}arding's grass, rye (except for {X}t{K}m35) and wheat, and all {X}. translucens pv. translucens strains were pathogenic on barley and {H}arding's grass, while none of the latter group was pathogenic on rye or wheat (except for {X}t{K}m18). {MLST} using the 65 strains isolated in {I}ran, as well as the sequences of the four genes from 112 strains of worldwide origin retrieved from the {G}en{B}ank database, revealed higher genetic diversity (i.e., haplotype frequency, haplotype diversity, and percentage of polymorphic sites) among the {I}ranian population of {X}. translucens than among the {N}orth {A}merican strains of the pathogen. {H}igh genetic diversity of the {BLS} pathogen in {I}ran was in congruence with the fact that the {I}ranian {P}lateau is considered the center of origin of cultivated wheat. {H}owever, further studies using larger collections of strains are warranted to precisely elucidate the global population diversity and center of origin of the pathogen. {IMPORTANCE} {B}acterial leaf streak ({BLS}) of small-grain cereals (i.e., wheat and barley) is one of the economically important diseases of gramineous crops worldwide. {T}he disease occurs in many countries across the globe, with particular importance in regions characterized by high levels of precipitation. {T}wo genetically distinct xanthomonads-namely, {X}anthomonas translucens pv. undulosa and {X}. translucens pv. translucens-have been reported to cause {BLS} disease on small-grain cereals. {A}s seed-borne pathogens, the causal agents are included in the {A}2 list of quarantine pathogens by the {E}uropean and {M}editerranean {P}lant {P}rotection {O}rganization ({EPPO}). {D}espite its global distribution and high economic importance, the population structure, genetic diversity, and phylogeography of {X}. translucens remain undetermined. {T}his study, using {MLSA} and {MLST}, provides a global-scale phylogeography of {X}. translucens strains infecting small-grain cereals. {B}ased on the diversity parameters, neutrality indices, and population structure, we observe higher genetic diversity of the {BLS} pathogen in {I}ran, which is geographically close to the center of origin of common wheat, than has so far been observed in other areas of the world, including {N}orth {A}merica. {T}he results obtained in this study provide a novel insight into the genetic diversity and population structure of the {BLS} pathogen of small-grain cereals on a global scale.},
  keywords = {bacterial leaf streak ; {H}ordeum vulgare ; {I}ranian {P}lateau ; {MLSA} ; {MLST} ; phylogeography ; {T}riticum aestivum ; {IRAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}pplied and {E}nvironmental {M}icrobiology},
  volume = {85},
  numero = {20},
  pages = {e01518 [15 ]},
  ISSN = {0099-2240},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1128/aem.01518-19},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077135},
}