@article{fdi:010077129,
  title = {{B}enguela {N}inos and {B}enguela {N}inas in forced ocean simulation from 1958 to 2015},
  author = {{K}oungue, {R}. {A}. {I}. and {R}ouault, {M}. and {I}llig, {S}erena and {B}randt, {P}. and {J}ouanno, {J}ulien},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} systematic study of {B}enguela {N}ino and {B}enguela {N}ina events during 1958 to 2015 including those that developed before the satellite era (1982) is carried out using an ocean general circulation model in combination with a linear equatorial model. {A}ltogether, 21 strong warm and cold anomalous coastal events are identified among which 6 undocumented extreme coastal events are reported. {R}esults suggest that most of these extreme coastal events including the newly identified ones are linked to remote equatorial forcing via mode 2 equatorial {K}elvin waves. {T}he latter propagates after approaching the {A}frican coast poleward as coastally trapped waves leading surface temperature anomalies along the {A}ngola-{B}enguela current system by one month. {O}ne to two months before the peak of {B}enguela {N}inos or {N}inas usually occurring in {M}arch-{A}pril, a large-scale wind stress forcing is observed with both local (variations of alongshore coastal wind stress) and remote forcing developing simultaneously. {R}esults further suggest that surface temperature anomalies off {S}outhern {A}ngola and in the {A}ngola-{B}enguela {F}ront are associated with equatorial dynamics and meridional wind stress fluctuations off the southwestern {A}frican coast north of 15 degrees {S}. {S}imilar mechanisms are observed for {N}orthern {N}amibia in combination with forcing by local meridional wind stress variations. {P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary {T}he {B}enguela upwelling system located in the southeastern {A}tlantic {O}cean supports a large marine ecosystem due to upwelling conditions. {E}very few years, anomalous warm and cold coastal events occur in the southeastern {A}tlantic and are detrimental for {A}ngola, {N}amibia, and {S}outh {A}frica, as they affect fisheries and rainfall like {E}l {N}ino phenomenon in the {P}acific. {T}o study these coastal events from 1958 to 2015, we use the output from a tropical {A}tlantic simulation in combination with the solution of a simple linear equatorial model. {W}e study the anomalous coastal events including the ones that occurred before the satellite era (before 1982) and examine the role of the local wind forcing and the remote forcing associated with equatorial variability. {W}e describe so far undocumented extreme events occurring from 1958 to 2015. {R}esults suggest that most of the extreme coastal warm and cold events are associated with the propagation of equatorial {K}elvin waves along the equatorial waveguide which trigger poleward-propagating coastal trapped waves along the southwestern {A}frican coast. {O}ne to two months before the peak season (usually {M}arch-{A}pril) of the anomalous coastal events, a large-scale wind pattern is observed, encompassing both variations of alongshore coastal wind in the southeastern {A}tlantic and zonal wind along the equatorial {A}tlantic.},
  keywords = {{B}enguela {N}inos ; {B}enguela {N}inas ; equatorial {K}elvin waves ; upwelling ; {S}outh {A}tlantic anticyclone ; {BENGUELA} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE} ; {ZONE} {EQUATORIALE} ; {ATLANTIQUE} {SUD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {124},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {5923--5951},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1029/2019jc015013},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077129},
}