@article{fdi:010077114,
  title = {{F}ormulation and processing of gruels made from local ingredients, thin enough to flow by gravity in enteral tube feeding},
  author = {{T}aga, {C}. {M}. and {N}ono, {Y}. {J}. and {I}card-{V}erni{\`e}re, {C}hrist{\`e}le and {D}esmorieux, {H}. and {K}apseu, {C}. and {M}ouquet {R}ivier, {C}laire},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}esigning enteral foods from local ingredients for tube feeding of low-income people who cannot eat orally is needed. {T}wo processing methods, involving the addition of amylase or malt, were used to thin a blenderized tube feeding formula based on sorghum, sesame and soybean seeds. {T}wo composite flours, either with higher carbohydrate ({F}1{D}) or higher lipid ({F}2{D}) contents were formulated to obtain an enteral food aimed at adults. {T}o thin the formula enough for it to flow inside the feeding tube, increasing concentrations of amylase (0.27-2.17g/100g {DM}) were added to gruels {F}1{D} ({F}1{DE}) and {F}2{D} ({F}2{DE}) prepared at 25% {DM}. {S}orghum malt was also added to {F}1{D} ({F}1{DM}) as an alternative source of amylase. {B}ut {F}1{DE} and {F}1{DM} flow times in a 50cm feeding tube (10 {F}r) remained much longer (up to 14s) than that of the commercial enteral food (4s). {T}he {F}1{DE} and {F}1{DM} osmolalities (485 and 599 m{O}smol/{K}g water, respectively) were higher compared to that of {F}1{D} but remained within the range specified for adult enteral food. {F}1{D}, {F}1{DE} and {F}1{DM} gruels showed pseudoplastic behavior. {T}heir loss ratio (tan delta), elastic ({G}') and loss ({G}') moduli were similar, but apparent viscosity, flow time in the feeding tube and consistency index (k) showed that {F}1{DE} was thinner than {F}1{DM}. {A}dding an incubation step before cooking of {F}1{DM} suspension allowed further thinning of the gruel, showing it is possible to formulate an enteral food using local ingredients that flows by gravity in the feeding tube.},
  keywords = {{E}nteral food ; {F}ormulation ; alpha-amylase ; {M}alt ; {F}low properties ; {CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {F}ood {S}cience and {T}echnology-{M}ysore},
  volume = {56},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {3609--3619},
  ISSN = {0022-1155},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1007/s13197-019-03787-6},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077114},
}