Barron M. auteur aut IRD Paupy Christophe auteur aut IRD Rahola Nil auteur aut IRD Akone-Ella O. auteur aut IRD Ngangue M. F. auteur aut IRD Wilson-Bahun T. auteur aut IRD Pombi M. auteur aut IRD Kengne Pierre auteur aut IRD Costantini Carlo auteur aut IRD Simard Frédéric auteur aut IRD Gonzalez J. auteur aut IRD Ayala Diego auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Complexes of closely related species provide key insights into the rapid and independent evolution of adaptive traits. Here, we described and studied Anopheles fontenillei sp.n., a new species in the Anopheles gambiae complex that we recently discovered in the forested areas of Gabon, Central Africa. Our analysis placed the new taxon in the phylogenetic tree of the An. gambiae complex, revealing important introgression events with other members of the complex. Particularly, we detected recent introgression, with Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii, of genes directly involved in vectorial capacity. Moreover, genome analysis of the new species allowed us to clarify the evolutionary history of the 3La inversion. Overall, An. fontenillei sp.n. analysis improved our understanding of the relationship between species within the An. gambiae complex, and provided insight into the evolution of vectorial capacity traits that are relevant for the successful control of malaria in Africa. specialized GABON 052 9 14753 [13 ] 2019 2045-2322 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077104 10.1038/s41598-019-49065-5 2045-2322 [F B010077104] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077104 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-10/010077104.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2019-11-05 2025-02-24 fdi:010077104 fre