Lopez M. auteur aut IRD Choin J. auteur aut IRD Sikora M. auteur aut IRD Siddle K. auteur aut IRD Harmant C. auteur aut IRD Costa H. A. auteur aut IRD Silvert M. auteur aut IRD Mouguiama-Daouda P. auteur aut IRD Hombert J. M. auteur aut IRD Froment Alain auteur aut IRD Le Bomin S. auteur aut IRD Perry G. H. auteur aut IRD Barreiro L. B. auteur aut IRD Bustamante C. D. auteur aut IRD Verdu P. auteur aut IRD Patin E. auteur aut IRD Quintana-Murci L. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access African rainforests support exceptionally high biodiversity and host the world's largest number of active hunter-gatherers [1-3]. The genetic history of African rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring farmers is characterized by an ancient divergence more than 100,000 years ago, together with recent population collapses and expansions, respectively [4-12]. While the demographic past of rainforest hunter-gatherers has been deeply characterized, important aspects of their history of genetic adaptation remain unclear. Here, we investigated how these groups have adapted-through classic selective sweeps, polygenic adaptation, and selection since admixture-to the challenging rainforest environments. To do so, we analyzed a combined dataset of 566 high-coverage exomes, including 266 newly generated exomes, from 14 populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 40 newly generated, low-coverage genomes. We find evidence for a strong, shared selective sweep among all hunter-gatherer groups in the regulatory region of TRPS1-primarily involved in morphological traits. We detect strong signals of polygenic adaptation for height and life history traits such as reproductive age; however, the latter appear to result from pervasive pleiotropy of height-associated genes. Furthermore, polygenic adaptation signals for functions related to responses of mast cells to allergens and microbes, the IL-2 signaling pathway, and host interactions with viruses support a history of pathogen-driven selection in the rainforest. Finally, we find that genes involved in heart and bone development and immune responses are enriched in both selection signals and local hunter-gatherer ancestry in admixed populations, suggesting that selection has maintained adaptive variation in the face of recent gene flow from farmers. specialized AFRIQUE CENTRALE CONGO BASSIN CAMEROUN GABON OUGANDA 020 106 29 17 2926-2935 + 4 p. 2019 0960-9822 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076674 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.013 0960-9822 [F B010076674] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076674 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2019/10/010076674.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2019-11-05 2025-11-04 fdi:010076674 fre