%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Lopez, M.
%A Choin, J.
%A Sikora, M.
%A Siddle, K.
%A Harmant, C.
%A Costa, H. A.
%A Silvert, M.
%A Mouguiama-Daouda, P.
%A Hombert, J. M.
%A Froment, Alain
%A Le Bomin, S.
%A Perry, G. H.
%A Barreiro, L. B.
%A Bustamante, C. D.
%A Verdu, P.
%A Patin, E.
%A Quintana-Murci, L.
%T Genomic evidence for local adaptation of hunter-gatherers to the African rainforest
%D 2019
%L fdi:010076674
%G ENG
%J Current Biology
%@ 0960-9822
%K AFRIQUE CENTRALE ; CONGO BASSIN ; CAMEROUN ; GABON ; OUGANDA
%M ISI:000484805400027
%N 17
%P 2926-2935 + 4
%R 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.013
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076674
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2019/10/010076674.pdf
%V 29
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X African rainforests support exceptionally high biodiversity and host the world's largest number of active hunter-gatherers [1-3]. The genetic history of African rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring farmers is characterized by an ancient divergence more than 100,000 years ago, together with recent population collapses and expansions, respectively [4-12]. While the demographic past of rainforest hunter-gatherers has been deeply characterized, important aspects of their history of genetic adaptation remain unclear. Here, we investigated how these groups have adapted-through classic selective sweeps, polygenic adaptation, and selection since admixture-to the challenging rainforest environments. To do so, we analyzed a combined dataset of 566 high-coverage exomes, including 266 newly generated exomes, from 14 populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 40 newly generated, low-coverage genomes. We find evidence for a strong, shared selective sweep among all hunter-gatherer groups in the regulatory region of TRPS1-primarily involved in morphological traits. We detect strong signals of polygenic adaptation for height and life history traits such as reproductive age; however, the latter appear to result from pervasive pleiotropy of height-associated genes. Furthermore, polygenic adaptation signals for functions related to responses of mast cells to allergens and microbes, the IL-2 signaling pathway, and host interactions with viruses support a history of pathogen-driven selection in the rainforest. Finally, we find that genes involved in heart and bone development and immune responses are enriched in both selection signals and local hunter-gatherer ancestry in admixed populations, suggesting that selection has maintained adaptive variation in the face of recent gene flow from farmers.
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