@article{fdi:010076632,
  title = {{C}onstraining the oceanic uptake and fluxes of greenhouse gases by building an ocean network of certified stations : the ocean component of the {I}ntegrated {C}arbon {O}bservation {S}ystem, {ICOS}-{O}ceans},
  author = {{S}teinhoff, {T}. and {G}kritzalis, {T}. and {L}auvset, {S}. {K}. and {J}ones, {S}. and {S}chuster, {U}. and {O}lsen, {A}. and {B}ecker, {M}. and {B}ozzano, {R}. and {B}runetti, {F}. and {C}antoni, {C}. and {C}ardin, {V}. and {D}iverr{\`e}s, {D}enis and {F}iedler, {B}. and {F}ransson, {A}. and {G}iani, {M}. and {H}artman, {S}. and {H}oppema, {M}. and {J}eansson, {E}. and {J}ohannessen, {T}. and {K}itidis, {V}. and {K}ortzinger, {A}. and {L}anda, {C}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and {L}uchetta, {A}. and {N}audts, {L}. and {N}ightingale, {P}. {D}. and {O}mar, {A}. {M}. and {P}ensieri, {S}. and {P}feil, {B}. and {C}astano-{P}rimo, {R}. and {R}ehder, {G}. and {R}utgersson, {A}. and {S}anders, {R}. and {S}chewe, {I}. and {S}iena, {G}. and {S}kjelvan, {I}. and {S}oltwedel, {T}. and van {H}euven, {S}. and {W}atson, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {E}uropean {R}esearch {I}nfrastructure {C}onsortium "{I}ntegrated {C}arbon {O}bservation {S}ystem" ({ICOS}) aims at delivering high quality greenhouse gas ({GHG}) observations and derived data products (e.g., regional {GHG}-flux maps) for constraining the {GHG} balance on a {E}uropean level, on a sustained long-term basis. {T}he marine domain ({ICOS}-{O}ceans) currently consists of 11 {S}hip of {O}pportunity lines ({SOOP} - {S}hip of {O}pportunity {P}rogram) and 10 {F}ixed {O}cean {S}tations ({FOS}s) spread across {E}uropean waters, including the {N}orth {A}tlantic and {A}rctic {O}ceans and the {B}arents, {N}orth, {B}altic, and {M}editerranean {S}eas. {T}he stations operate in a harmonized and standardized way based on community-proven protocols and methods for ocean {GHG} observations, improving operational conformity as well as quality control and assurance of the data. {T}his enables the network to focus on long term research into the marine carbon cycle and the anthropogenic carbon sink, while preparing the network to include other {GHG} fluxes. {ICOS} data are processed on a near real-time basis and will be published on the {ICOS} {C}arbon {P}ortal ({CP}), allowing monthly estimates of {CO}2 air-sea exchange to be quantified for {E}uropean waters. {ICOS} establishes transparent operational data management routines following the {FAIR} ({F}indable, {A}ccessible, {I}nteroperable, and {R}eusable) guiding principles allowing amongst others reproducibility, interoperability, and traceability. {T}he {ICOS}-{O}ceans network is actively integrating with the atmospheric (e.g., improved atmospheric measurements onboard {SOOP} lines) and ecosystem (e.g., oceanic direct gas flux measurements) domains of {ICOS}, and utilizes techniques developed by the {ICOS} {C}entral {F}acilities and the {CP}. {T}here is a strong interaction with the international ocean carbon cycle community to enhance interoperability and harmonize data flow. {T}he future vision of {ICOS}-{O}ceans includes ship-based ocean survey sections to obtain a three-dimensional understanding of marine carbon cycle processes and optimize the existing network design.},
  keywords = {ocean observation ; network design ; {CO}2 fluxes ; flux maps ; carbon sink ; {EUROPE} ; {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD} ; {ARCTIQUE} ; {BARENTS} {MER} ; {MER} {DU} {NORD} ; {BALTIQUE} ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 544 [15 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00544},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076632},
}