@article{fdi:010076511,
  title = {{F}emale genital mutilation and migration in {M}ali : do return migrants transfer social norms ?},
  author = {{D}iabate, {I}. and {M}espl{\'e}-{S}omps, {S}andrine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n this paper, we investigate the power of migration as a mechanism in the transmission of social norms, taking {M}ali and {F}emale {G}enital {M}utilation ({FGM}) as a case study. {M}ali has a strong {FGM} culture and a long-standing history of migration. {W}e use an original household-level database coupled with census data to analyze the extent to which girls living in localities with high rates of return migrants are less prone to {FGM}. {M}alians migrate predominantly to other {A}frican countries where female circumcision is uncommon (e.g., {C}ote d'{I}voire) and to countries where {FGM} is totally banned ({F}rance and other developed countries) and where anti-{FGM} information campaigns frequently target {A}frican migrants. {T}aking a two-step instrumental variable approach to control for the endogeneity of migration and return decisions, we show that return migrants have a negative and significant influence on {FGM} practices. {M}ore precisely, we show that this result is primarily driven by the flow of returnees from {C}ote d'{I}voire. {W}e also show that adults living in localities with return migrants are more informed about {FGM} and in favor of legislation. {T}he impact of returnees may occur through several channels, including compositional effects, changes in return migrants' attitudes toward {FGM}, and return migrants convincing stayers to change their {FGM} practices.},
  keywords = {{F}emale genital excision ; {S}ocial transfers ; {M}igration ; {M}ali ; {MALI} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {P}opulation {E}conomics},
  volume = {32},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {1125--1170},
  ISSN = {0933-1433},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00148-019-00733-w},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076511},
}