Chaumeau V. auteur aut IRD Kajeechiwa L. auteur aut IRD Fustec Bénédicte auteur aut IRD Landier Jordi auteur aut IRD Nyo S. N. auteur aut IRD Hsel S. N. auteur aut IRD Phatharakokordbun P. auteur aut IRD Kittiphanakun P. auteur aut IRD Nosten S. auteur aut IRD Thwin M. M. auteur aut IRD Tun S. W. auteur aut IRD Wiladphaingern J. auteur aut IRD Cottrell Gilles auteur aut IRD Parker D. M. auteur aut IRD Minh M. C. auteur aut IRD Kwansomboon N. auteur aut IRD Metaane S. auteur aut IRD Montazeau Céline auteur aut IRD Kunjanwong K. auteur aut IRD Sawasdichai S. auteur aut IRD Andolina C. auteur aut IRD Ling C. auteur aut IRD Haohankhunnatham W. auteur aut IRD Christiensen P. auteur aut IRD Wanyatip S. auteur aut IRD Konghahong K. auteur aut IRD Cerqueira D. auteur aut IRD Imwong M. auteur aut IRD Dondorp A. M. auteur aut IRD Chareonviriyaphap T. auteur aut IRD White N. J. auteur aut IRD Nosten F. H. auteur aut IRD Corbel Vincent auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background. The objective of mass antimalarial drug administration (MDA) is to eliminate malaria rapidly by eliminating the asymptomatic malaria parasite reservoirs and interrupting transmission. In the Greater Mekong Subregion, where artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is now widespread, MDA has been proposed as an elimination accelerator, but the contribution of asymptomatic infections to malaria transmission has been questioned. The impact of MDA on entomological indices has not been characterized previously. Methods. MDA was conducted in 4 villages in Kayin State (Myanmar). Malaria mosquito vectors were captured 3 months before, during, and 3 months after MDA, and their Plasmodium infections were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The relationship between the entomological inoculation rate, the malaria prevalence in humans determined by ultrasensitive PCR, and MDA was characterized by generalized estimating equation regression. Results. Asymptomatic P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections were cleared by MDA. The P. vivax entomological inoculation rate was reduced by 12.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-100-fold), but the reservoir of asymptomatic P. vivax infections was reconstituted within 3 months, presumably because of relapses. This was coincident with a 5.3-fold (95% CI, 4.8-6.0-fold) increase in the vector infection rate. Conclusion. Asymptomatic infections are a major source of malaria transmission in Southeast Asia. specialized Mass drug administration malaria entomological inoculation rate primaquine Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax elimination artemisinin resistance Southeast Asia MYANMAR 052 050 219 9 1499-1509 2019 0022-1899 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076254 10.1093/infdis/jiy686 0022-1899 [F B010076254] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076254 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-08/010076254.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2019-09-19 2025-02-24 fdi:010076254 fre