@article{fdi:010075688,
  title = {{T}he {T}ropical {A}tlantic {O}bserving {S}ystem},
  author = {{F}oltz, {G}. {R}. and {B}randt, {P}. and {R}ichter, {I}. and {R}odriguez-{F}onsecao, {B}. and {H}ernandez, {F}abrice and {D}engler, {M}. and {R}odrigues, {R}. {R}. and {S}chmidt, {J}. {O}. and {Y}u, {L}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and {D}a {C}unha, {L}. {C}. and {M}c{P}haden, {M}. {J}. and {A}raujo, {M}. and {K}arstensen, {J}. and {H}ahn, {J}. and {M}artin-{R}ey, {M}. and {P}atricola, {C}. {M}. and {P}oli, {P}. and {Z}uidema, {P}. and {H}ummels, {R}. and {P}erez, {R}. {C}. and {H}atje, {V}. and {L}ubbecke, {J}. {F}. and {P}alo, {I}. and {L}umpkin, {R}. and {B}ourl{\`e}s, {B}ernard and {A}suquo, {F}. {E}. and {L}ehodey, {P}. and {C}onchon, {A}. and {C}hang, {P}. and {D}andin, {P}. and {S}chmid, {C}. and {S}utton, {A}. and {G}iordani, {H}. and {X}ue, {Y}. and {I}llig, {S}erena and {L}osada, {T}. and {G}rodsky, {S}. {A}. and {G}asparinss, {F}. and {L}ees, {T}. and {M}ohino, {E}. and {N}obre, {P}. and {W}anninkhof, {R}. and {K}eenlyside, {N}. and {G}arcon, {V}. and {S}anchez-{G}omez, {E}. and {N}namchi, {H}. {C}. and {D}revillon, {M}. and {S}torto, {A}. and {R}emy, {E}. and {L}azar, {A}. and {S}peich, {S}. and {G}oes, {M}. and {D}orrington, {T}. and {J}ohns, {W}. {E}. and {M}oum, {J}. {N}. and {R}obinson, {C}. and {P}erruches, {C}. and de {S}ouza, {R}. {B}. and {G}aye, {A}. {T}. and {L}opez-{P}aragess, {J}. and {M}onerie, {P}. {A}. and {C}astellanos, {P}. and {B}enson, {N}. {U}. and {H}ounkonnou, {M}. {N}. and {D}uha, {J}. {T}. and {L}axenairess, {R}. and {R}eul, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he tropical {A}tlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, {A}tlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial {P}acific. {T}he tropical {A}tlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the {A}tlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world's largest rivers. {T}o address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the {P}rediction and {R}esearch {M}oored {A}rray in the {T}ropical {A}tlantic ({PIRATA}). {T}his network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical {A}tlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. {T}he tropical {A}tlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical {A}tlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of {CO}2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic {CO}2; the {A}mazon {R}iver plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. {P}ast success of the tropical {A}tlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. {T}he observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. {T}his paper discusses the tropical {A}tlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical {A}tlantic observing system.},
  keywords = {tropical {A}tlantic {O}cean ; observing system ; weather ; climate ; hurricanes ; biogeochemistry ; ecosystems ; coupled model bias ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 206 [36 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00206},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075688},
}