@article{fdi:010075686,
  title = {{M}odulations of the {I}ndian summer monsoon by the hot subtropical deserts : insights from coupled sensitivity experiments},
  author = {{S}ooraj, {K}. {P}. and {T}erray, {P}ascal and {M}asson, {S}. and {C}retat, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study revisits the role of subtropical deserts in the {I}ndian {S}ummer {M}onsoon ({ISM}) system by perturbing surface albedo over the subtropical deserts, to the west of the {ISM} domain in different ways, using a state-of-the-art coupled model. {T}he analysis of up-to-date satellite datasets, atmospheric re-analyses and our control coupled simulation suggests that the model broadly reproduces the radiation budgets close to re-analyses and observed datasets. {H}owever, there are large uncertainties in the top-of-atmosphere radiation budget over the {N}orthern {H}emishere ({NH}) subtropical desert region during boreal summer; while the model has a rather neutral radiation budget during boreal summer over the {S}ahara {D}esert, the {E}uropean {C}entre for {M}edium {R}ange {W}eather {F}orecasts {I}nterim reanalysis show in contrast a radiative excess throughout the {NH} desert region and the up-to-date satellite dataset has a clear negative radiation budget over north-eastern {S}ahara region and over {A}rabian {P}eninsula. {T}aking into account these incertitudes, our key finding is that by darkening the deserts and arid regions to the west of {ISM} through a negative albedo perturbation in our coupled model, the length and intensity of the rainy season over the {I}ndian region are both significantly increased with two well-defined rainfall anomaly maxima in {M}ay-{J}une and {S}eptember-{O}ctober. {T}he {ISM} onset is advanced by 1month and is characterized by a rapid northward propagation of the rainfall band over the {I}ndian domain. {R}eversing the sign of our artificial albedo perturbation over the deserts in the model gives an opposite response, highlighting the robust role of the subtropical deserts in the {ISM} system, but the amplitude of the {ISM} response is also significantly larger, demonstrating nonlinearity in the monsoon-desert relationship. {A}dditional albedo perturbation experiments further demonstrate that the whole hot subtropical deserts extending across {A}fro-{A}sian continents, and including the {S}ahara, plays a key-role in the {ISM} response. {F}inally, the modulations of the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient along with stronger equatorial asymmetry of mean easterly shear and moisture distribution over the {I}ndian domain are key-factors for explaining the {ISM} response and its nonlinearity to the albedo perturbations over the {NH} subtropical deserts. {F}urther insights from moisture budget show that the nonlinearity in advection moisture tendencies manifests in nonlinearity of the {ISM} response.},
  keywords = {{I}ndian summer monsoon ; {S}ubtropical deserts ; {L}and albedo perturbations ; {R}adiation energy budget ; {M}onsoon seasonality ; {A}brupt monsoon transition ; {AFRIQUE} ; {ASIE} ; {SAHARA} ; {ARABIE} ; {IRAN} ; {THAR} {DESERT} ; {INDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {52},
  numero = {7-8},
  pages = {4527--4555},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-018-4396-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075686},
}