@article{fdi:010075646,
  title = {{M}acrophage migrating inhibitory factor expression is associated with {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense infection and is controlled by trans-acting expression quantitative trait loci in the {G}uinean population},
  author = {{K}abore, {J}. {W}. and {C}amara, {O}. and {I}lboudo, {H}. and {C}apewell, {P}. and {C}lucas, {C}. and {C}ooper, {A}. and {K}abore, {J}. and {C}amara, {M}. and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {H}ertz-{F}owler, {C}. and {B}elem, {A}. {M}. {G}. and {M}atovu, {E}. and {M}acleod, {A}. and {S}idibe, {I}. and {N}oyes, {H}. and {B}ucheton, {B}runo and {T}rypano{GEN} {R}esearch {G}roup and {H}3{A}frica {C}onsortium},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}nfection by {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense is characterized by a wide array of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to acute disease and even spontaneous cure. {I}n this study, we investigated the association between macrophage migrating inhibitory factor ({MIF}), an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in both innate and acquired immunity, and disease outcome during {T}. b. gambiense infection. {A} comparative expression analysis of patients, individuals with latent infection and controls found that {MIF} had significantly higher expression in patients (n=141; 1.25 +/- 0.07; p<.0001) and latent infections (n=25; 1.23 +/- 0.13; p=.0005) relative to controls (n=46; 0.94 +/- 0.11). {F}urthermore, expression decreased significantly after treatment (patients before treatment n=33; 1.40 +/- 0.18 versus patients after treatment n=33; 0.99 +/- 0.10, p=.0001). {W}e conducted a genome wide e{QTL} analysis on 29 controls, 128 cases and 15 latently infected individuals for whom expression and genotype data were both available. {F}our loci, including one containing the chemokine {CXCL}13, were found to associate with {MIF} expression. {G}enes at these loci are candidate regulators of increased expression of {MIF} after infection. {O}ur study is the first data demonstrating that {MIF} expression is elevated in {T}. b. gambiense-infected human hosts but does not appear to contribute to pathology.},
  keywords = {{GUINEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {71},
  numero = {},
  pages = {108--115},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.021},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075646},
}