@article{fdi:010075311,
  title = {{O}n the close relatedness of two rice-parasitic root-knot nematode species and the recent expansion of {M}eloidogyne graminicola in {S}outheast {A}sia},
  author = {{B}esnard, {G}. and {T}hi-{P}han, {N}. and {H}o-{B}ich, {H}. and {D}ereeper, {A}lexis and {N}guyen, {H}. {T}. and {Q}u{\'e}n{\'e}herv{\'e}, {P}atrick and {A}ribi, {J}amel and {B}ellafiore, {S}t{\'e}phane},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}eloidogyne graminicola is a facultative meiotic parthenogenetic root-knot nematode ({RKN}) that seriously threatens agriculture worldwide. {W}e have little understanding of its origin, genomic structure, and intraspecific diversity. {S}uch information would offer better knowledge of how this nematode successfully damages rice in many different environments. {P}revious studies on nuclear ribosomal {DNA} (nr{DNA}) suggested a close phylogenetic relationship between {M}. graminicola and {M}eloidogyne oryzae, despite their different modes of reproduction and geographical distribution. {I}n order to clarify the evolutionary history of these two species and explore their molecular intraspecific diversity, we sequenced the genome of 12 {M}. graminicola isolates, representing populations of worldwide origins, and two {S}outh {A}merican isolates of {M}. oryzae. k-mer analysis of their nuclear genome and the detection of divergent homologous genomic sequences indicate that both species show a high proportion of heterozygous sites (ca. 1-2%), which had never been previously reported in facultative meiotic parthenogenetic {RKN}s. {T}hese analyses also point to a distinct ploidy level in each species, compatible with a diploid {M}. graminicola and a triploid {M}. oryzae. {P}hylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes and three nuclear genomic sequences confirm close relationships between these two species, with {M}. graminicola being a putative parent of {M}. oryzae. {I}n addition, comparative mitogenomics of those 12 {M}. graminicola isolates with a {C}hinese published isolate reveal only 15 polymorphisms that are phylogenetically non-informative. {E}ight mitotypes are distinguished, the most common one being shared by distant populations from {A}sia and {A}merica. {T}his low intraspecific diversity, coupled with a lack of phylogeographic signal, suggests a recent worldwide expansion of {M}. graminicola.},
  keywords = {biological invasion ; heterozygous genome ; {M}eloidogyne ; mitogenome ; ribosomal {DNA} ; root-knot nematode ; {ASIE} {DU} {SUD} {EST}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}enes},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {art. 175 [16 p.]},
  ISSN = {2073-4425},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3390/genes10020175},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075311},
}