@article{fdi:010075303,
  title = {{E}xploring the heterogeneity of human exposure to malaria vectors in an urban setting, {B}ouake, {C}ote d'{I}voire, using an immuno-epidemiological biomarker},
  author = {{T}raore, {D}. {F}. and {S}agna, {A}. {B}. and {A}dja, {A}. {M}. and {Z}oh, {D}. {D}. and {A}dou, {K}. {A}. and {L}ingue, {K}. {N}. and {C}oulibaly, {I}. and {T}chiekoi, {N}. {B}. and {A}ssi, {S}. {B}. and {P}oinsignon, {A}nne and {D}agnogo, {M}. and {R}emou{\'e}, {F}ranck},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground{I}n some {A}frican cities, urban malaria is a threat to the health and welfare of city dwellers. {T}o improve the control of the disease, it is critical to identify neighbourhoods where the risk of malaria transmission is the highest. {T}his study aims to evaluate the heterogeneity of malaria transmission risk in one city ({B}ouake) in a {W}est {A}frican country ({C}ote d'{I}voire) that presents several levels of urbanization.{M}ethods{T}wo cross-sectional studies were conducted in three neighbourhoods ({D}ar-es-{S}alam, {K}ennedy and {N}'gattakro) in {B}ouake during both the rainy and dry seasons. {D}ata on insecticide-treated net ({ITN}) use and blood samples were collected from children aged between 6months and 15years to determine the parasite density and the prevalence of {P}lasmodium falciparum and the level of {I}g{G} against the {A}nopheles g{SG}6-{P}1 salivary peptide, used as the biomarker of {A}nopheles bite exposure.{R}esults{T}he specific {I}g{G} levels to the g{SG}6-{P}1 salivary peptide in the rainy season were significantly higher compared to the dry season in all neighbourhoods studied (all p<0.001). {I}nterestingly, these specific {I}g{G} levels did not differ between neighbourhoods during the rainy season, whereas significant differences in {I}g{G} level were observed in the dry season (p=0.034). {ITN} use could be a major factor of variation in the specific {I}g{G} level. {N}evertheless, no difference in specific {I}g{G} levels to the g{SG}6-{P}1 salivary peptide was observed between children who declared always versus never sleeping under an {ITN} in each neighbourhood. {I}n addition, the prevalence of {P}. falciparum in the whole population and immune responders was significantly different between neighbourhoods in each season (p<0.0001).{C}onclusion{T}his study highlights the high risk of malaria exposure in {A}frican urban settings and the high heterogeneity of child exposure to the {A}nopheles vector between neighbourhoods in the same city. {T}he {A}nopheles g{SG}6-{P}1 salivary peptide could be a suitable biomarker to accurately and quantitatively assess the risk of malaria transmission in urban areas.},
  keywords = {{U}rban malaria ; salivary biomarker of exposure ; {A}nopheles ; {T}ransmission risk ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {BOUAKE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 68 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-019-2696-z},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075303},
}