@article{fdi:010075296,
  title = {{E}xperimental and modelling evidence of short-term effect of raindrop impact on hydraulic conductivity and overland flow intensity},
  author = {{M}ugler, {C}. and {R}ibolzi, {O}livier and {J}aneau, {J}ean-{L}ouis and {R}ochelle {N}ewall, {E}mma and {L}atsachack, {K}. and {T}hammahacksa, {C}. and {V}iguier, {M}arion and {J}arde, {E}. and {H}enry des {T}ureaux, {T}hierry and {S}engtaheuanghoung, {O}. and {V}alentin, {C}hristian},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}ropical montane areas of {S}outheast {A}sia are exposed to high-intensity rainfall during the monsoon period. {T}his is particularly problematic in areas where soils on steep slopes are cultivated as it can lead to heavy runoff, high soil erosion, and water pollution. {T}he objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of the impact of raindrops on the dynamics of runoff on such steep fields. {E}xperiments under simulated rainfall were performed at the plot scale (1 m(2)) to quantify water export from the surface of upland agricultural soils during overland flow events. {F}our 1 m(2) plots were divided in duplicated treatment groups: (a) control with no amendments, and (b) amended with pig manure. {E}ach plot was divided into two 0.5 m(2) rectangular subplots. {O}ne subplot was designated as a rain splash treatment; the other sub-plot was covered with a 2 mm grid size wire screen that was located 12 cm above the soil surface. {T}he purpose of the screen was to break the raindrops into fine droplets and to reduce fall height in order to drastically reduce their kinetic energy. {R}unoff was measured for each sub-plot. {T}he results show that raindrop impact drastically enhances runoff generation on both bare soils and on manure amended soils. {W}hen the impact of raindrops was limited by screening, runoff was higher on amended soils than on bare soils. {T}he temporal evolution of runoff was correctly modelled using a soil hydraulic conductivity that exponentially decreases over time of exposure to rainfall. {B}oth experimental and modelling results showed that droplet energy induces a rapid evolution of the hydraulic properties of the soil surface due to crusting, resulting in a reduction of hydraulic conductivity and a concomitant increase in runoff rate.},
  keywords = {{R}unoff modelling ; {R}aindrop impact ; {H}ydraulic conductivity ; {S}oil crusting ; {T}ropical agro-ecosystems ; {L}ao {PDR} ; {LAOS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrology},
  volume = {570},
  numero = {},
  pages = {401--410},
  ISSN = {0022-1694},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.046},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075296},
}