@article{fdi:010075245,
  title = {{G}em corundum deposits of {G}reece: geology, mineralogy and genesis},
  author = {{V}oudouris, {P}. and {M}avrogonatos, {C}. and {G}raham, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}elfos, {V}. and {K}arampelas, {S}. and {K}arantoni, {V}. and {W}ang, {K}. and {T}arantola, {A}. and {Z}aw, {K}. and {M}effre, {S}. and {K}lemme, {S}. and {B}erndt, {J}. and {H}eidrich, {S}. and {Z}accarini, {F}. and {F}allick, {A}. and {T}sortanidis, {M}. and {L}ampridis, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{G}reece contains several gem corundum deposits set within diverse geological settings, mostly within the {R}hodope ({X}anthi and {D}rama areas) and {A}ttico-{C}ycladic ({N}axos and {I}karia islands) tectono-metamorphic units. {I}n the {X}anthi area, the sapphire (pink, blue to purple) deposits are stratiform, occurring within marble layers alternating with amphibolites. {D}eep red rubies in the {P}aranesti-{D}rama area are restricted to boudinaged lenses of {A}l-rich metapyroxenites alternating with amphibolites and gneisses. {B}oth occurrences are oriented parallel to the ultra-high pressure/high pressure ({UHP}/{HP}) {N}estos suture zone. {O}n central {N}axos {I}sland, colored sapphires are associated with desilicated granite pegmatites intruding ultramafic lithologies (plumasites), occurring either within the pegmatites themselves or associated metasomatic reaction zones. {I}n contrast, on southern {N}axos and {I}karia {I}slands, blue sapphires occur in extensional fissures within {M}esozoic metabauxites hosted in marbles. {M}ineral inclusions in corundums are in equilibrium and/or postdate corundum crystallization and comprise: spinel and pargasite ({P}aranesti), spinel, zircon ({X}anthi), margarite, zircon, apatite, diaspore, phlogopite and chlorite ({N}axos) and chloritoid, ilmenite, hematite, ulvospinel, rutile and zircon ({I}karia). {T}he main chromophore elements within the {G}reek corundums show a wide range in concentration: the {F}e contents vary from (average values) 1099 ppm in the blue sapphires of {X}anthi, 424 ppm in the pink sapphires of {X}anthi, 2654 ppm for {P}aranesti rubies, 4326 ppm for the {I}karia sapphires, 3706 for southern {N}axos blue sapphires, 4777 for purple and 3301 for pink sapphire from {N}axos plumasite, and finally 4677 to 1532 for blue to colorless sapphires from {N}axos plumasites, respectively. {T}he {T}i concentrations (average values) are very low in rubies from {P}aranesti (41 ppm), with values of 2871 ppm and 509 in the blue and pink sapphires of {X}anthi, respectively, of 1263 ppm for the {I}karia blue sapphires, and 520 ppm, 181 ppm in {N}axos purple, pink sapphires, respectively. {T}he blue to colorless sapphires from {N}axos plumasites contain 1944 to 264 ppm {T}i, respectively. {T}he very high {T}i contents of the {X}anthi blue sapphires may reflect submicroscopic ruffle inclusions. {T}he {C}r (average values) ranges from 4 to 691 ppm in the blue, purple and pink colored corundums from {N}axos plumasite, is quite fixed (222 ppm) for {I}karia sapphires, ranges from 90 to 297 ppm in the blue and pink sapphires from {X}anthi, reaches 9142 ppm in the corundums of {P}aranesti, with highest values of 15,347 ppm in deep red colored varieties. {E}ach occurrence has both unique mineral assemblage and trace element chemistry (with variable {F}e/{M}g, {G}a/{M}g, {G}a/{C}r and {F}e/{T}i ratios). {A}dditionally, oxygen isotope compositions confirm their geological typology, i.e., with, respectively delta {O}-18 of 4.9 +/- 0.2%o for sapphire in plumasite, 20.5%o for sapphire in marble and 1%0 for ruby in mafics. {T}he fluid inclusions study evidenced water free {CO}2 dominant fluids with traces of {CH}4 or {N}-2, and low {CO}2 densities (0.46 and 0.67 g/cm(3)), which were probably trapped after the metamorphic peak. {T}he {P}aranesti, {X}anthi and central {N}axos corundum deposits can be classified as metamorphic sensu stricto (s.s.) and metasomatic, respectively, those from southern {N}axos and {I}karia display atypical magmatic signature indicating a hydrothermal origin. {G}reek corundums are characterized by wide color variation, homogeneity of the color hues, and transparency, and can be considered as potential gemstones.},
  keywords = {corundum megacrysts ; ruby ; sapphire ; plumasite ; metamorphic-metasomatic ; origin ; {G}reece ; {GRECE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}inerals},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. 49 [41 p.]},
  ISSN = {2075-163{X}},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3390/min9010049},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075245},
}