@article{fdi:010075183,
  title = {{M}odelling {L}ake {T}iticaca's daily and monthly evaporation},
  author = {{Z}ola, {R}. {P}. and {B}engtsson, {L}. and {B}erndtsson, {R}. and {M}arti-{C}ardona, {B}. and {S}atg{\'e}, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {T}imouk, {F}ranck and {B}onnet, {M}arie-{P}aule and {M}ollericon, {L}. and {G}amarra, {C}. and {P}asapera, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ake {T}iticaca is a crucial water resource in the central part of the {A}ndean mountain range, and it is one of the lakes most affected by climate warming. {S}ince surface evaporation explains most of the lake's water losses, reliable estimates are paramount to the prediction of global warming impacts on {L}ake {T}iticaca and to the region's water resource planning and adaptation to climate change. {E}vaporation estimates were done in the past at monthly time steps and using the four methods as follows: water balance, heat balance, and the mass transfer and {P}enman's equations. {T}he obtained annual evaporation values showed significant dispersion. {T}his study used new, daily frequency hydrometeorological measurements. {E}vaporation losses were calculated following the mentioned methods using both daily records and their monthly averages to assess the impact of higher temporal resolution data in the evaporation estimates. {C}hanges in the lake heat storage needed for the heat balance method were estimated based on the morning water surface temperature, because convection during nights results in a well-mixed top layer every morning over a constant temperature depth. {W}e found that the most reliable method for determining the annual lake evaporation was the heat balance approach, although the {P}enman equation allows for an easier implementation based on generally available meteorological parameters. {T}he mean annual lake evaporation was found to be 1700 mm year(-1). {T}his value is considered an upper limit of the annual evaporation, since the main study period was abnormally warm. {T}he obtained upper limit lowers by 200 mm year(-1), the highest evaporation estimation obtained previously, thus reducing the uncertainty in the actual value. {R}egarding the evaporation estimates using daily and monthly averages, these resulted in minor differences for all methodologies.},
  keywords = {{BOLIVIE} ; {PEROU} ; {ANDES} ; {TITICACA} {LAC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrology and {E}arth {S}ystem {S}ciences},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {657--668},
  ISSN = {1027-5606},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.5194/hess-23-657-2019},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075183},
}