@article{fdi:010074512,
  title = {{N}oninvasive western lowland gorilla's health monitoring : a decade of simian immunodeficiency virus surveillance in southern {C}ameroon},
  author = {{V}illabona-{A}renas, {C}. {J}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {E}steban, {A}mandine and {D}'{A}rc, {M}. and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}imian immunodeficiency virus ({SIV}gor) causes persistent infection in critically endangered western lowland gorillas ({G}orilla gorilla gorilla) from west central {A}frica. {SIV}gor is closely related to chimpanzee and human immunodeficiency viruses ({SIV}cpz and {HIV}-1, respectively). {W}e established a noninvasive method that does not interfere with gorillas' natural behaviour to provide wildlife pathogen surveillance and health monitoring for conservation. {A} total of 1,665 geo-referenced fecal samples were collected at regular intervals from {F}ebruary 2006 to {D}ecember 2014 (123 sampling days) in the {C}ampo-{M}a'an {N}ational {P}ark (southwest {C}ameroon). {H}ost genotyping was performed using microsatellite markers, {SIV}gor infection was identified by serology and genetic amplification was attempted on seropositive individuals. {W}e identified at least 125 distinct gorillas, 50 were resampled (observed 3.5 times in average) and 38 were {SIV}gor+ (seven individuals were seroconverters). {S}ix groups of gorillas were identified based on the overlapping occurrence of individuals with apparent high rates of gene flow. {W}e obtained {SIV}gor genetic sequences from 25 of 38 seropositive genotyped gorillas and showed that the virus follows exponential growth dynamics under a strict molecular clock. {D}ifferent groups shared {SIV}gor lineages demonstrating intergroup viral spread and recapture of positive individuals illustrated intra-host viral evolution. {R}elatedness and relationship genetic analysis of gorillas together with {B}ayesian phylogenetic inference of {SIV}gor provided evidence suggestive of vertical transmission. {I}n conclusion, we provided insights into gorilla social dynamics and {SIV}gor evolution and emphasized the utility of noninvasive sampling to study wildlife health populations. {T}hese findings contribute to prospective planning for better monitoring and conservation.},
  keywords = {{C}ameroon ; microsatellites ; noninvasive sampling ; phylogeny ; {SIV}gor ; western lowland gorillas ; {CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}cology and {E}volution},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {10698--10710},
  ISSN = {2045-7758},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1002/ece3.4478},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074512},
}