Escobar S. auteur aut IRD Pintaud Jean-Christophe auteur aut IRD Balslev H. auteur aut IRD Bernal R. auteur aut IRD Moraes Ramirez M. auteur aut IRD Millan B. auteur aut IRD Montufar R. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Andean orogenesis has driven the development of very high plant diversity in the Neotropics through its impact on landscape evolution and climate. The analysis of the intraspecific patterns of genetic structure in plants would permit inferring the effects of Andean uplift on the evolution and diversification of Neotropical flora. In this study, using microsatellite markers and Bayesian clustering analyses, we report the presence of four genetic clusters for the palm Oenocarpus bataua var. bataua which are located within four biogeographic regions in northwestern South America: (a) Choco rain forest, (b) Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, (c) northwestern Amazonian rain forest, and (d) southwestern Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesize that these clusters developed following three genetic diversification events mainly promoted by Andean orogenic events. Additionally, the distinct current climate dynamics among northwestern and southwestern Amazonia may maintain the genetic diversification detected in the western Amazon basin. Genetic exchange was identified between the clusters, including across the Andes region, discarding the possibility of any cluster to diversify as a distinct intraspecific variety. We identified a hot spot of genetic diversity in the northern Peruvian Amazon around the locality of Iquitos. We also detected a decrease in diversity with distance from this area in westward and southward direction within the Amazon basin and the eastern Andean foothills. Additionally, we confirmed the existence and divergence of O.bataua var. bataua from var. oligocarpus in northern South America, possibly expanding the distributional range of the latter variety beyond eastern Venezuela, to the central and eastern Andean cordilleras of Colombia. Based on our results, we suggest that Andean orogenesis is the main driver of genetic structuring and diversification in O.bataua within northwestern South America. specialized genetic divergence genetic diversity microsatellite markers Oenocarpus phylogeography COLOMBIE EQUATEUR PEROU BOLIVIE GUYANE FRANCAISE ANDES AMAZONIE 076 082 020 8 16 8030-8042 2018 2045-7758 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074052 10.1002/ece3.4216 2045-7758 [F B010074052] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074052 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers18-10/010074052.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2018-11-07 2023-07-11 fdi:010074052 fre