@article{fdi:010073632,
  title = {{F}lightless scaly-tailed squirrels never learned how to fly : a reappraisal of {A}nomaluridae phylogeny},
  author = {{F}abre, {P}. {H}. and {T}ilak, {M}. {K}. and {D}enys, {C}. and {G}aubert, {P}hilippe and {N}icolas, {V}. and {D}ouzery, {E}. {J}. {P}. and {M}arivaux, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}nomaluroidea, commonly known as the scaly-tailed squirrels, are an emblematic group of tropical {A}frican mammals that includes gliding forms. {T}he family {A}nomaluridae was until recently represented by three genera: the flying scaly-tailed squirrels ({A}nomalurus), the flying mouse ({I}diurus) and the flightless scaly-tailed squirrels ({Z}enkerella). {I}diurus and {Z}enkerella have long been grouped into the {Z}enkerellinae subfamily, and {Z}enkerella was interpreted as a rare case of evolutionary reversal to non-gliding lifestyle. {R}ecent studies have demonstrated that {Z}enkerella is sister to all other modern anomalurids, and represents in fact the monogeneric family {Z}enkerellidae. {T}he {A}nomalurus genus was split into {A}nomalurus and {A}nomalurops, but no study has ever considered all {A}nomalurus species together in a phylogeny to test the status of {A}nomalurops. {H}ere, we used mitogenomic next-generation sequencing to infer the phylogenetic relationships among all extant anomalurids and to estimate their divergence ages. {W}e found that the arboreal {Z}enkerella is the sister group of all extant gliding anomalurids ({I}diurus and {A}nomalurus). {W}e confirmed that {A}nomaluroidea only evolved the gliding adaptation once. {A} comparison based on morphological traits indicates that {Z}enkerella harbours several unique morphological features. {W}e propose new morphological characters for the novel classification of modern {A}nomaluroidea, which includes the families {Z}enkerellidae and {A}nomaluridae. {U}sing different calibration schemes, we demonstrated that classical dating methods relying only on mitogenomes provide rather young {M}iocene estimates between {Z}enkerellidae and the {A}nomaluridae. {T}he use of published nuclear genes, internal calibrations and tip dating converged towards an {E}ocene split between gliding and non-gliding scaly-tailed squirrels, which is in agreement with the {A}frican fossil record. {F}inally, we provide the first exhaustive species-level molecular phylogenetic inference for the genus {A}nomalurus. {W}e found that {A}nomalurus beecrofti is the sister group of all other species of {A}nomalurus and branched off during the {M}iocene.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Z}oologica {S}cripta},
  volume = {47},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {404--417},
  ISSN = {0300-3256},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1111/zsc.12286},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073632},
}