@article{fdi:010073286,
  title = {{H}igh selfing rate, limited pollen dispersal and inbreeding depression in the emblematic {A}frican rain forest tree {B}aillonella toxisperma : management implications},
  author = {{D}uminil, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {M}endene {A}bessolo, {D}.{T}. and {N}iade {B}ourobou, {D}. and {D}oucet, {J}.{L}. and {L}oo, {J}. and {H}ardy, {O}.{J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}ating system and gene flow are major influencing factors of species population dynamics and evolution. {T}hese factors are often not characterized in tropical tree species, yet they constitute basic information that must be considered to implement sustainable management practices. {I}n particular, as logging implies a reduction of the density of congeneric mates, the connectivity through pollination between individuals has to be well characterized (selfing versus outcrossing rates, distances between mates). {W}e conducted a genetic-based analysis (using 10 nuclear microsatellites) to determine the mating system and gene flow characteristics of an emblematic timber tree species from lowland rain forests of the {C}ongo {B}asin, {B}aillonella toxisperma ({S}apotaceae). {T}he species, which is frequently exploited for its wood and for a number of non-timber forest products, naturally occurs at low densities (ca. 0.01–0.1 individuals/ha). {I}t is supposedly an entomophilous species whose seeds are probably dispersed by mammals. {W}e have shown that the species presents a mixed-mating system (about 20–40% of selfing depending on analysis method). {H}owever, the comparison of inbreeding parameters among cohorts suggests that inbred individuals die between seedling and mature tree stages. {T}he mean pollen dispersal distance was relatively low for such a low-density population species (estimated to be 690 or 777 m depending on analysis method) and, together with a low mean number of pollen donors ({NEP} = 2.76), it suggests a pattern of nearest-neighbour mating where allo-pollen could be a limiting factor. {H}owever, {B}. toxisperma presents a relatively weak genetic structure ({S}p statistic = 0.0095) indicative of long gene dispersal distance (σg = 3–5 km according to the assumed effective population density). {O}verall, this would indicate that gene flow occurs mainly by extensive seed dispersal in this species. {T}hese results suggest that mammals and local populations involved in the dispersal of the species play a key role by lowering biparental inbreeding effects. {S}ustainable population management might require assisted regeneration using unrelated planting material.},
  keywords = {{GABON} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE} {HUMIDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}orest {E}cology and {M}anagement},
  volume = {379},
  numero = {},
  pages = {20--29},
  ISSN = {0378-1127},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.003},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073286},
}