Cinner J. E. auteur aut IRD Maire E. auteur aut IRD Huchery C. auteur aut IRD MacNeil M. A. auteur aut IRD Graham N. A. J. auteur aut IRD Mora C. auteur aut IRD Barnes M. L. auteur aut IRD Kittinger J. N. auteur aut IRD Hicks C. C. auteur aut IRD D'Agata S. auteur aut IRD Hoey A. S. auteur aut IRD Gurney G. G. auteur aut IRD Feary D. A. auteur aut IRD Williams I. D. auteur aut IRD Kulbicki Michel auteur aut IRD Vigliola Laurent auteur aut IRD Wantiez L. auteur aut IRD Edgar G. J. auteur aut IRD Stuart-Smith R. D. auteur aut IRD Sandin S. A. auteur aut IRD Green A. auteur aut IRD Hardt M. J. auteur aut IRD Beger M. auteur aut IRD Friedlander A. M. auteur aut IRD Wilson S. K. auteur aut IRD Brokovich E. auteur aut IRD Brooks A. J. auteur aut IRD Cruz-Motta J. J. auteur aut IRD Booth D. J. auteur aut IRD Chabanet Pascale auteur aut IRD Gough C. auteur aut IRD Tupper M. auteur aut IRD Ferse S. C. A. auteur aut IRD Sumaila U. R. auteur aut IRD Pardede S. auteur aut IRD Mouillot D. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access Coral reefs provide ecosystem goods and services for millions of people in the tropics, but reef conditions are declining worldwide. Effective solutions to the crisis facing coral reefs depend in part on understanding the context under which different types of conservation benefits can be maximized. Our global analysis of nearly 1,800 tropical reefs reveals how the intensity of human impacts in the surrounding seascape, measured as a function of human population size and accessibility to reefs ("gravity"), diminishes the effectiveness of marine reserves at sustaining reef fish biomass and the presence of top predators, even where compliance with reserve rules is high. Critically, fish biomass in high-compliance marine reserves located where human impacts were intensive tended to be less than a quarter that of reserves where human impacts were low. Similarly, the probability of encountering top predators on reefs with high human impacts was close to zero, even in high-compliance marine reserves. However, we find that the relative difference between openly fished sites and reserves (what we refer to as conservation gains) are highest for fish biomass (excluding predators) where human impacts are moderate and for top predators where human impacts are low. Our results illustrate critical ecological trade-offs in meeting key conservation objectives: reserves placed where there are moderate-to-high human impacts can provide substantial conservation gains for fish biomass, yet they are unlikely to support key ecosystem functions like higher-order predation, which is more prevalent in reserve locations with low human impacts. specialized marine reserves fisheries coral reefs social-ecological socioeconomic PACIFIQUE OCEAN INDIEN ATLANTIQUE ZONE TROPICALE 036 040 115 27 E6116-E6125 2018 0027-8424 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073203 10.1073/pnas.1708001115 0027-8424 [F B010073203] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073203 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2018/07/010073203.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2018-09-03 2023-07-11 fdi:010073203 fre