Espinosa-Alvarez O. auteur aut IRD Ortiz P. A. auteur aut IRD Lima L. auteur aut IRD Costa-Martins A. G. auteur aut IRD Serrano M. G. auteur aut IRD Herder Stéphane auteur aut IRD Buck G. A. auteur aut IRD Camargo E. P. auteur aut IRD Hamilton P. B. auteur aut IRD Stevens J. R. auteur aut IRD Teixeira M. M. G. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced Leader RNA sequences, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using 11 single copy genes from 15 selected trypanosomes, provide increased resolution of relationships between species and clades, strongly supporting two main sister lineages: lineage Schizotrypanum, comprising T. cruzi and bat-restricted trypanosomes, and Tra[Tve-Tco] formed by T. rangeli, Trypanosoma vespertilionis and Trypanosoma conorhini clades. Tve comprises European T. vespertilionis and African T. vespertilionis-like of bats and bat cimicids characterised in the present study and Trypanosoma sp. Hoch reported in monkeys and herein detected in bats. Tco included the triatomine-transmitted tropicopolitan T. conorhini from rats and the African NanDouml trypanosome of civet (carnivore). Consistent with their very close relationships, Tra[Tve-Tco] species shared highly similar Spliced Leader RNA structures that were highly divergent from those of Schizotrypanum. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, a bat trypanosome transmitted by cimicids gave origin to the deeply rooted Tra[Tve-Tco] and Schizotrypanum lineages, and bat trypanosomes of diverse genetic backgrounds jumped to new hosts. A long and independent evolutionary history of T. rangeli more related to Old World trypanosomes from bats, rats, monkeys and civets than to Schizotrypanum spp., and the adaptation of these distantly related trypanosomes to different niches of shared mammals and vectors, is consistent with the marked differences in transmission routes, life-cycles and host-parasite interactions, resulting in T. cruzi (but not T. rangeli) being pathogenic to humans. specialized American human trypanosomiasis Bat Monkey Cimicid DNA barcoding Multilocus phylogeny Evolution Phylogeny GUINEE BISSAU CAMEROUN AFRIQUE CENTRALE AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST AMERIQUE LATINE 052 080 020 48 7 569-584 2018 0020-7519 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073171 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.008 0020-7519 [F B010073171] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073171 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2018/07/010073171.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2018-09-03 2018-09-03 fdi:010073171 fre