A seven-year retrospective study on the surveillance of hepatitis B in Laos Paboriboune, P. /Vial, Thomas Chassagne, F. Sitbounlang, P. Soundala, S. /Bertani, Stéphane Sengmanothong, D. Babin, F. X. Steenkeste, N. Deny, P. Pineau, P. /Deharo, Eric Objective. Lao PDR is one of the most highly endemic countries for hepatitis B in Asia and the second country for liver cancer incidence. Therefore, the follow-up of infected individuals through predictive serological markers is of utmost importance to monitor the progression of the pathology and take the decision on treatment. Methods. A retrospective-descriptive cohort study was conducted on 3,857 HBV-infected patients. Information about infection status (viral load, VL), liver function (aminotransferases), and treatments was recorded. Results. M/F sex ratio was 1.77 for a median age of 37. Patients under 37 displayed higher VL than older ones and men had higher VL than women. Initial VL ranged from <50 IU/mL to 2.5 10(13) IU/mL. Median aminotransferase values were 45.5 U/L for ALAT and 44 U/L for ASAT, ranging from <8 to >2,000 U/L. Men had higher aminotransferase than women. Globally 20% of patients received treatment (mainly immunostimulant and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors); 11% had high levels of VL and liver enzymes, but only 2% of them were treated. Conclusion. Public health decisions should be taken urgently to rationalise vaccination and provide fair access to early diagnosis and treatment; otherwise the burden of HBV-associated diseases will be overwhelming for Laos in the near future. 2018 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072740 fdi:010072740 Paboriboune P., Vial Thomas, Chassagne F., Sitbounlang P., Soundala S., Bertani Stéphane, Sengmanothong D., Babin F. X., Steenkeste N., Deny P., Pineau P., Deharo Eric. A seven-year retrospective study on the surveillance of hepatitis B in Laos. 2018, art. ID 9462475 [11 ] EN LAOS