Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES HLA 255-270 echinococcosis genetics HLA-G immune system leishmaniosis malaria parasite toxoplasmosis trypanosomiasis AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE AMERIQUE LATINE 2018 fdi:010072479 ENG HLA 2059-2302 ISI:000427474300001 4 10.1111/tan.13196 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072479 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2018/04/010072479.pdf 91 Horizon (IRD) Little attention has been devoted to the role of HLA-G gene and molecule on parasitic disorders, and the available studies have focused on malaria, African and American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniosis, toxoplasmosis and echinococcosis. After reporting a brief description regarding the role of the cells of innate and adaptive immune system against parasites, we reviewed the major features of the HLA-G gene and molecule and the role of HLA-G on the major cells of immune system. Increased levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) have been observed in patients presenting toxoplasmosis and in the active phase of echinococcosis. In addition, increased sHLA-G has also been associated with increased susceptibility to malaria and increased susceptibility to develop human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). In contrast, decreased membrane-bound HLA-G has been reported in placenta of patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and in heart and colon of patients presenting Chagas disease. The 30 untranslated region of the HLA-G gene has been the main focus of studies on malaria, HAT and Chagas disease, exhibiting distinct patterns of associations. Considering that HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule, inhibiting the activity of several cells of the immune system, the excessive neoexpression and the increased sHLA-G levels together with the decreased constitutive tissue expression of membrane-bound HLA-G may be detrimental to the host infected with parasite agents. 052 ; 050 UR216 Bénin / Brésil