@article{fdi:010072015,
  title = {{S}patio-temporal dynamics of asymptomatic malaria : bridging the gap between annual malaria resurgences in a {S}ahelian environment},
  author = {{C}oulibaly, {D}. and {T}ravassos, {M}. {A}. and {T}olo, {Y}. and {L}aurens, {M}. {B}. and {K}one, {A}. {K}. and {T}raore, {K}. and {S}issoko, {M}. and {N}iangaly, {A}. and {D}iarra, {I}. and {D}aou, {M}. and {G}uindo, {B}. and {R}ebaudet, {S}. and {K}ouriba, {B}. and {D}essay, {N}adine and {P}iarroux, {R}. and {P}lowe, {C}. {V}. and {D}oumbo, {O}. {K}. and {T}hera, {M}. {A}. and {G}audart, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n areas of seasonal malaria transmission, the incidence rate of malaria infection is presumed to be near zero at the end of the dry season. {A}symptomatic individuals may constitute a major parasite reservoir during this time. {W}e conducted a longitudinal analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of clinical malaria and asymptomatic parasitemia over time in a {M}alian town to highlight these malaria transmission dynamics. {F}or a cohort of 300 rural children followed over 2009-2014, periodicity and phase shift between malaria and rainfall were determined by spectral analysis. {S}patial risk clusters of clinical episodes or carriage were identified. {A} nested-case-control study was conducted to assess the parasite carriage factors. {M}alaria infection persisted over the entire year with seasonal peaks. {H}igh transmission periods began 2-3 months after the rains began. {A} cluster with a low risk of clinical malaria in the town center persisted in high and low transmission periods. {T}hroughout 2009-2014, cluster locations did not vary from year to year. {A}symptomatic and gametocyte carriage were persistent, even during low transmission periods. {F}or high transmission periods, the ratio of asymptomatic to clinical cases was approximately 0.5, but was five times higher during low transmission periods. {C}linical episodes at previous high transmission periods were a protective factor for asymptomatic carriage, but carrying parasites without symptoms at a previous high transmission period was a risk factor for asymptomatic carriage. {S}table malaria transmission was associated with sustained asymptomatic carriage during dry seasons. {C}ontrol strategies should target persistent low-level parasitemia clusters to interrupt transmission.},
  keywords = {{MALI} ; {ZONE} {SAHELIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}merican {J}ournal of {T}ropical {M}edicine and {H}ygiene},
  volume = {97},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {1761--1769},
  ISSN = {0002-9637},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.4269/ajtmh.17-0074},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072015},
}