@article{fdi:010071993, title = {{D}ukono, the predominant source of volcanic degassing in {I}ndonesia, sustained by a depleted {I}ndian-{MORB}}, author = {{B}ani, {P}hilipson and {T}amburello, {G}. and {R}ose-{K}oga, {E}. {F}. and {L}iuzzo, {M}. and {A}iuppa, {A}. and {C}luzel, {N}. and {A}mat, {I}. and {S}yahbana, {D}. {K}. and {G}unawan, {H}. and {B}itetto, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{L}ocated on {H}almahera island, {D}ukono is among the least known volcanoes in {I}ndonesia. {A} compilation of the rare available reports indicates that this remote and hardly accessible volcano has been regularly in eruption since 1933, and has undergone nearly continuous eruptive manifestation over the last decade. {T}he first study of its gas emissions, presented in this work, highlights a huge magmatic volatile contribution into the atmosphere, with an estimated annual output of about 290 kt of {SO}2, 5000 kt of {H}2{O}, 88 kt of {CO}2, 5 kt of {H}2{S} and 7 kt of {H}-2. {A}ssuming these figures are representative of the long-term continuous eruptive activity, then {D}ukono is the current most prominent volcanic gas discharge point in {I}ndonesia and ranks among the top-ten volcanic {SO}2 sources on earth. {C}ombining our findings with other recent volcanic {SO}2 flux results, obtained during periodic campaigns at a number of volcanoes with {DOAS} and {UV}-{C}ameras, the {SO}2 emission budget for {I}ndonesia is estimated at 540 kt year(-1), representing 2-3% of the global volcanic {SO}2 contribution into the atmosphere. {T}his figure should be considered as minimum as gas emissions from numerous other active volcanoes in {I}ndonesia are yet to be evaluated. {T}his voluminous degassing output from {D}ukono is sustained by a depleted {I}ndian-{MORB} ({I}-{MORB}) mantle source. {T}his latter is currently undergoing lateral pressure from the steepening of the subducted slab, the downward force from the {P}hilippine {S}ea plate and the westward motion of a continental fragments along the {S}orong fault, leading to high fluid fluxes to the surface. {O}ver the course of {D}ukono eruptive activity, the magma reservoir has changed from a less differentiated source that fed the past voluminous lava flows to a more evolved melt that sustained the current ongoing explosive activity.}, keywords = {{D}ukono volcano ; {D}egassing budget ; {D}epleted mantle source ; {M}agma source ; evolution ; {INDONESIE} ; {DUKONO} {VOLCAN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{B}ulletin of {V}olcanology}, volume = {80}, numero = {1}, pages = {art. 5 [14 p.]}, ISSN = {0258-8900}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1007/s00445-017-1178-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071993}, }