@article{fdi:010071979,
  title = {{T}he role of evaporites in the formation of gems during metamorphism of carbonate platforms : a review},
  author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {B}anks, {D}. and {B}ranquet, {Y}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {M}artelat, {J}. {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he mineral and fluid inclusions trapped by gemstones during the metamorphism of carbonate platform successions are precious markers for the understanding of gem genesis. {T}he nature and chemical composition of inclusions highlight the major contribution of evaporites through dissolution or fusion, depending on the temperature of formation from greenschist to granulite facies. {T}he fluids are highly saline {N}a{C}l-brines circulating either in an open system in the greenschist facies ({C}olombian and {A}fghan emeralds) and with huge fluid-rock metasomatic interactions, or sulphurous fluids (ruby, garnet tsavorite, zoisite tanzanite and lapis-lazuli) or molten salts formed in a closed system with a low fluid mobility (ruby in marble) in the conditions of the amphibolite to granulite facies. {T}hese chloride-fluoride-sulphate +/- carbonate-rich fluids scavenged the metals essential for gem formation. {A}t high temperature, the anions {SO}4 (2-), {NO}3 (-), {BO}3 (-) and {F}- are powerful fluxes which lower the temperature of chloride- and fluoride-rich ionic liquids. {T}hey provided transport over a very short distance of aluminium and/or silica and transition metals which are necessary for gem growth. {I}n summary, the genetic models proposed for these high-value and ornamental gems underline the importance of the metamorphism of evaporites formed on continental carbonate shelves and emphasise the chemical power accompanying metamorphism at moderate to high temperatures of evaporite-rich and organic matter-rich protoliths to form gem minerals.},
  keywords = {{G}ems ; {E}merald ; {R}uby ; {G}arnet ; {Z}oisite ; {L}apis-lazuli ; {M}etamorphism ; {C}arbonate platform ; {E}vaporites ; {B}rines ; {F}ingerprints ; {S}alinity ; {M}olten ; salts ; {T}hermal reduction of sulphates ; {COLOMBIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita},
  volume = {53},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {1--20},
  ISSN = {0026-4598},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00126-017-0738-4},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071979},
}