@article{fdi:010071921,
  title = {{I}mpact of the mesoscale dynamics on ocean deep convection : the 2012-2013 case study in the {N}orthwestern {M}editerranean {S}ea},
  author = {{W}aldman, {R}. and {H}errmann, {M}arine and {S}omot, {S}. and {A}rsouze, {T}. and {B}enshila, {R}. and {B}osse, {A}. and {C}hanut, {J}. and {G}iordani, {H}. and {S}evault, {F}. and {T}estor, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}inter 2012-2013 was a particularly intense and well-observed {D}ense {W}ater {F}ormation ({DWF}) event in the {N}orthwestern {M}editerranean {S}ea. {I}n this study, we investigate the impact of the mesoscale dynamics on {DWF}. {W}e perform two perturbed initial state simulation ensembles from summer 2012 to 2013, respectively, mesoscale-permitting and mesoscale-resolving, with the {AGRIF} refinement tool in the {M}editerranean configuration {NEMOMED}12. {T}he mean impact of the mesoscale on {DWF} occurs mainly through the high-resolution physics and not the high-resolution bathymetry. {T}his impact is shown to be modest: the mesoscale does not modify the chronology of the deep convective winter nor the volume of dense waters formed. {I}t however impacts the location of the mixed patch by reducing its extent to the west of the {N}orth {B}alearic {F}ront and by increasing it along the {N}orthern {C}urrent, in better agreement with observations. {T}he maximum mixed patch volume is significantly reduced from 5.70.2 to 4.20.6 x 10(13) m(3). {F}inally, the spring restratification volume is more realistic and enhanced from 1.40.2 to 1.80.2 x 10(13) m(3) by the mesoscale. {W}e also address the mesoscale impact on the ocean intrinsic variability by performing perturbed initial state ensemble simulations. {T}he mesoscale enhances the intrinsic variability of the deep convection geography, with most of the mixed patch area impacted by intrinsic variability. {T}he {DWF} volume has a low intrinsic variability but it is increased by 2-3 times with the mesoscale. {W}e relate it to a dramatic increase of the {G}ulf of {L}ions eddy kinetic energy from 5.0 +/- 0.6 to 17.3 +/- 1.5 cm(2)/s(2), in remarkable agreement with observations.},
  keywords = {ocean deep convection ; mesoscale ; ocean modeling ; {M}editerranean {S}ea ; ensemble approach ; model evaluation ; {MEDITERRANEE} {NORD} {OUEST}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {122},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {8813--8840},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1002/2016jc012587},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071921},
}