Akhoundi M. auteur aut IRD Downing T. auteur aut IRD Votypka J. auteur aut IRD Kuhls K. auteur aut IRD Lukes J. auteur aut IRD Cannet A. auteur aut IRD Ravel C. auteur aut IRD Marty P. auteur aut IRD Delaunay P. auteur aut IRD Kasbari M. auteur aut IRD Granouillac Bruno auteur aut IRD Gradoni L. auteur aut IRD Sereno Denis auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access Progress in the diagnosis of leishmaniases depends on the development of effective methods and the discovery of suitable biomarkers. We propose firstly an update classification of Leishmania species and their synonymies. We demonstrate a global map highlighting the geography of known endemic Leishmania species pathogenic to humans. We summarize a complete list of techniques currently in use and discuss their advantages and limitations. The available data highlights the benefits of molecular markers in terms of their sensitivity and specificity to quantify variation from the subgeneric level to species complexes, (sub) species within complexes, and individual populations and infection foci. Each DNA-based detection method is supplied with a comprehensive description of markers and primers and proposal for a classification based on the role of each target and primer in the detection, identification and quantification of leishmaniasis infection. We outline a genome-wide map of genes informative for diagnosis that have been used for Leishmania genotyping. Furthermore, we propose a classification method based on the suitability of well-studied molecular markers for typing the 21 known Leishmania species pathogenic to humans. This can be applied to newly discovered species and to hybrid strains originating from inter-species crosses. Developing more effective and sensitive diagnostic methods and biomarkers is vital for enhancing Leishmania infection control programs. specialized Molecular markers Diagnostic methods Hybrid strains Sympatric species Genome-wide map 052 020 57 1-29 2017 0098-2997 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070987 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.012 0098-2997 [F B010070987] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070987 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2017/09/010070987.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2017-10-03 2023-07-11 fdi:010070987 fre