@article{fdi:010070887,
  title = {{S}ubstantial asymptomatic submicroscopic {P}lasmodium carriage during dry season in low transmission areas in {S}enegal : implications for malaria control and elimination},
  author = {{N}iang, {M}. and {T}hiam, {L}. {G}. and {S}ane, {R}. and {D}iagne, {N}. and {T}alla, {C}. and {D}oucoure, {S}ouleymane and {F}aye, {J}. and {D}iop, {F}. and {B}adiane, {A}. and {D}iouf, {B}. and {C}amara, {D}. and {D}iene-{S}arr, {F}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {R}ichard, {V}. and {T}oure-{B}alde, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {I}n the progress towards malaria elimination, the accurate diagnosis of low-density asymptomatic infections is critical. {L}ow-density asymptomatic submicroscopic malaria infections may act as silent reservoirs that maintain low-level residual malaria transmission in the community. {L}ight microscopy, the gold standard in malaria diagnosis lacks the sensitivity to detect low-level parasitaemia. {I}n this study, the presence and prevalence of submicroscopic {P}lasmodium carriage were investigated to estimate the parasites reservoir among asymptomatic individuals living in low transmission areas in {D}ielmo and {N}diop, {S}enegal during the dry season. {M}ethods {A} total of 2,037 blood samples were collected during cross-sectional surveys prior the malaria transmission season in {J}uly 2013 ({N} = 612), {J}une 2014 ({N} = 723) and {J}une 2015 ({N} = 702) from asymptomatic individuals living in {D}ielmo and {N}diop, {S}enegal. {S}amples were used to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic {P}lasmodium carriage by real time {PCR} (q{PCR}) in comparison to microscopy considered as gold standard. {R}esults {T}he prevalence of submicroscopic {P}lasmodium carriage was 3.75% (23/612), 12.44% (90/723) and 6.41% (45/702) in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. {N}o {P}lasmodium carriage was detected by microscopy in 2013 while microscopy-based prevalence of {P}lasmodium carriage accounted for only 0.27% (2/723) and 0.14% (1/702) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. {P}lasmodium falciparum accounted for the majority of submicroscopic infections and represented 86.95% (20/23), 81.11% (73/90) and 95.55 (43/45) of infections in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. {C}onclusion {L}ow-density submicroscopic asymptomatic {P}lasmodium carriage is common in the study areas during the dry season indicating that traditional measures are insufficient to assess the scale of parasite reservoir when transmission reaches very low level. {C}ontrol and elimination strategies may wish to consider using molecular methods to identify parasites carriers to guide {M}ass screening and {T}reatment strategies.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PLOS} {O}ne},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e0182189 [13 p.]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0182189},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070887},
}