@article{fdi:010070329,
  title = {{APOL}1 renal risk variants have contrasting resistance and susceptibility associations with {A}frican trypanosomiasis},
  author = {{C}ooper, {A}. and {I}lboudo, {H}. and {A}libu, {V}. {P}. and {R}avel, {S}ophie and {E}nyaru, {J}. and {W}eir, {W}. and {N}oyes, {H}. and {C}apewell, {P}. and {C}amara, {M}. and {M}ilet, {J}acqueline and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {C}amara, {O}. and {M}atovu, {E}. and {B}ucheton, {B}runo and {M}ac{L}eod, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}educed susceptibility to infectious disease can increase the frequency of otherwise deleterious alleles. {I}n populations of {A}frican ancestry, two apolipoprotein-{L}1 ({APOL}1) variants with a recessive kidney disease risk, named {G}1 and {G}2, occur at high frequency. {APOL}1 is a trypanolytic protein that confers innate resistance to most {A}frican trypanosomes, but not {T}rypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or {T}.b. gambiense, which cause human {A}frican trypanosomiasis. {I}n this case-control study, we test the prevailing hypothesis that these {APOL}1 variants reduce trypanosomiasis susceptibility, resulting in their positive selection in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {W}e demonstrate a five-fold dominant protective association for {G}2 against {T}.b. rhodesiense infection. {F}urthermore, we report unpredicted strong opposing associations with {T}.b. gambiense disease outcome. {G}2 associates with faster progression of {T}.b. gambiense trypanosomiasis, while {G}1 associates with asymptomatic carriage and undetectable parasitemia. {T}hese results implicate both forms of human {A}frican trypanosomiasis in the selection and persistence of otherwise detrimental {APOL}1 kidney disease variants.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {e{L}ife},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {e25461 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {2050-084{X}},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.7554/e{L}ife.25461},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070329},
}