Mariac Cédric auteur aut IRD Ousseini I. S. auteur aut IRD Alio A. K. auteur aut IRD Jugde H. auteur aut IRD Pham Jean-Louis auteur aut IRD Bezançon Gilles auteur aut IRD Ronfort J. auteur aut IRD Descroix Luc auteur aut IRD Vigouroux Yves auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Ongoing global climate changes imply new challenges for agriculture. Whether plants and crops can adapt to such rapid changes is still a widely debated question. We previously showed adaptation in the form of earlier flowering in pearl millet at the scale of a whole country over three decades. However, this analysis did not deal with variability of year to year selection. To understand and possibly manage plant and crop adaptation, we need more knowledge of how selection acts in situ. Is selection gradual, abrupt, and does it vary in space and over time? In the present study, we tracked the evolution of allele frequency in two genes associated with pearl millet phenotypic variation in situ. We sampled 17 populations of cultivated pearl millet over a period of 2 years. We tracked changes in allele frequencies in these populations by genotyping more than seven thousand individuals. We demonstrate that several allele frequencies changes are compatible with selection, by correcting allele frequency changes associated with genetic drift. We found marked variation in allele frequencies from year to year, suggesting a variable selection effect in space and over time. We estimated the strength of selection associated with variations in allele frequency. Our results suggest that the polymorphism maintained at the genes we studied is partially explained by the spatial and temporal variability of selection. In response to environmental changes, traditional pearl millet varieties could rapidly adapt thanks to this available functional variability. specialized selection temporal and spatial variability functional diversity pearl millet adaptation to climate variation NIGER 076 7 art. 130 [9 p.] 2016 1664-8021 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070191 10.3389/fgene.2016.00130 1664-8021 [F B010070191] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070191 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-06/010070191.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2017-07-03 2025-11-04 fdi:010070191 fre