@article{fdi:010069387,
  title = {{E}volution in {A}frican tropical trees displaying ploidy-habitat association : the genus {A}fzelia ({L}eguminosae)},
  author = {{D}onkpegan, {A}. {S}. {L}. and {D}oucet, {J}. {L}. and {M}igliore, {J}. and {D}uminil, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {D}ainou, {K}. and {P}ineiro, {R}. and {W}ieringa, {J}. {J}. and {C}hampluvier, {D}. and {H}ardy, {O}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}olyploidy has rarely been documented in rain forest trees but it has recently been found in {A}frican species of the genus {A}fzelia ({L}eguminosae), which is composed of four tetraploid rain forest species and two diploid dry forest species. {T}he genus {A}fzelia thus provides an opportunity to examine how and when polyploidy and habitat shift occurred in {A}frica, and whether they are associated. {I}n this study, we combined three plastid markers (psb{A}, trn{L}, ndh{F}), two nuclear markers (ribosomal {ITS} and the single-copy {PEPC} {E}7 gene), plastomes (obtained by {H}igh {T}hroughput {S}equencing) and morphological traits, with an extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling to explore the evolutionary history of {A}fzelia. {B}oth nuclear {DNA} and morphological vegetative characters separated diploid from tetraploid lineages. {A}lthough the two {A}frican diploid species were well differentiated genetically and morphologically, the relationships among the tetraploid species were not resolved. {I}n contrast to the nuclear markers, plastid markers revealed that one of the diploid species forms a well-supported {G}lade with the tetraploids, suggesting historical hybridisation, possibly in relation with genome duplication (polyploidization) and habitat shift from dry to rain forests. {M}olecular dating based on fossil-anchored gene phylogenies indicates that extant {A}fzelia started diverging c. 14.5 or 20 {M}a while extant tetraploid species started diverging c. 7.0 or 9.4 {M}a according to plastid and nuclear {DNA}, respectively. {A}dditional studies of tropical polyploid plants are needed to assess whether the ploidy-habitat association observed in {A}frican {A}fzelia would reflect a role of polyploidization in niche divergence in the tropics.},
  keywords = {{A}fzelia ; {L}eguminosae ({D}etarioideae) ; {D}iversification ; {M}orphometry ; {N}iche evolution ; {M}olecular phylogeny ; {P}olyploidy},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecular {P}hylogenetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {107},
  numero = {},
  pages = {270--281},
  ISSN = {1055-7903},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.004},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069387},
}