@article{fdi:010069321,
  title = {{H}ow anthropogenic changes may affect soil-borne parasite diversity ? {P}lant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive trees in {M}orocco as a case study},
  author = {{A}li, {N}. and {T}avoillot, {J}ohannes and {B}esnard, {G}. and {K}hadari, {B}. and {D}mowska, {E}. and {W}iniszewska, {G}. and {F}ossati-{G}aschignard, {O}. and {A}ter, {M}. and {H}amza, {M}. {A}. and {E}l {M}ousadik, {A}. and {E}l {O}ualkadi, {A}. and {M}oukhli, {A}. and {E}ssalouh, {L}. and {E}l {B}akkali, {A}. and {C}hapuis, {E}lodie and {M}ateille, {T}hierry},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {P}lant-parasitic nematodes ({PPN}) are major crop pests. {O}n olive ({O}lea europaea), they significantly contribute to economic losses in the top-ten olive producing countries in the world especially in nurseries and under cropping intensification. {T}he diversity and the structure of {PPN} communities respond to environmental and anthropogenic forces. {T}he olive tree is a good host plant model to understand the impact of such forces on {PPN} diversity since it grows according to different modalities (wild, feral and cultivated olives). {A} wide soil survey was conducted in several olive-growing regions in {M}orocco. {T}he taxonomical and the functional diversity as well as the structures of {PPN} communities were described and then compared between non-cultivated (wild and feral forms) and cultivated (traditional and high-density olive cultivation) olives. {R}esults: {A} high diversity of {PPN} with the detection of 117 species and 47 genera was revealed. {S}ome taxa were recorded for the first time on olive trees worldwide and new species were also identified. {A}nthropogenic factors (wild vs cultivated conditions) strongly impacted the {PPN} diversity and the functional composition of communities because the species richness, the local diversity and the evenness of communities significantly decreased and the abundance of nematodes significantly increased in high-density conditions. {F}urthermore, these conditions exhibited many more obligate and colonizer {PPN} and less persister {PPN} compared to non-cultivated conditions. {T}axonomical structures of communities were also impacted: genera such as {X}iphinema spp. and {H}eterodera spp. were dominant in wild olive, whereas harmful taxa such as {M}eloidogyne spp. were especially enhanced in high-density orchards. {C}onclusions: {O}live anthropogenic practices reduce the {PPN} diversity in communities and lead to changes of the community structures with the development of some damaging nematodes. {T}he study underlined the {PPN} diversity as a relevant indicator to assess community pathogenicity. {T}hat could be taken into account in order to design control strategies based on community rearrangements and interactions between species instead of reducing the most pathogenic species.},
  keywords = {{A}nthropisation ; {C}ommunities ; {F}unctional diversity ; {M}orocco ; {O}live ; {P}lant-parasitic nematodes ; {T}axonomical structures ; {MAROC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{BMC} {E}cology},
  volume = {17},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 4 [31 ]},
  ISSN = {1472-6785},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12898-016-0113-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069321},
}