@article{fdi:010069318,
  title = {{C}oral mortality induced by the 2015-2016 {E}l-{N}ino in {I}ndonesia : the effect of rapid sea level fall},
  author = {{A}mpou, {E}. {E}. and {J}ohan, {O}. and {M}enk{\`e}s, {C}hristophe and {N}io, {F}. and {B}irol, {F}. and {O}uillon, {S}ylvain and {A}ndr{\'e}fou{\¨e}t, {S}erge},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he 2015-2016 {E}l-{N}ino and related ocean warming has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. {I}n {I}ndonesia, the first signs of bleaching were reported in {A}pril 2016. {H}owever, this {E}l {N}ino has impacted {I}ndonesian coral reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. {I}n {S}eptember 2015, altimetry data show that sea level was at its lowest in the past 12 years, affecting corals living in the bathymetric range exposed to unusual emersion. {I}n {M}arch 2016, {B}unaken {I}sland ({N}orth {S}ulawesi) displayed up to 85% mortality on reef flats dominated by {P}orites, {H}eliopora and {G}oniastrea corals with differential mortality rates by coral genus. {A}lmost all reef flats showed evidence of mortality, representing 30% of {B}unaken reefs. {F}or reef flat communities which were living at a depth close to the pre-{E}l {N}ino mean low sea level, the fall induced substantial mortality likely by higher daily aerial exposure, at least during low tide periods. {A}ltimetry data were used to map sea level fall throughout {I}ndonesia, suggesting that similar mortality could be widespread for shallow reef flat communities, which accounts for a vast percent of the total extent of coral reefs in {I}ndonesia. {T}he altimetry historical records also suggest that such an event was not unique in the past two decades, therefore rapid sea level fall could be more important in the dynamics and resilience of {I}ndonesian reef flat communities than previously thought. {T}he clear link between mortality and sea level fall also calls for a refinement of the hierarchy of {E}l {N}ino impacts and their consequences on coral reefs.},
  keywords = {{INDONESIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iogeosciences},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {817--826},
  ISSN = {1726-4170},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.5194/bg-14-817-2017},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069318},
}