@article{fdi:010069260,
  title = {{N}ormalizing land surface temperature data for elevation and illumination effects in mountainous areas : a case study using {ASTER} data over a steep-sided valley in {M}orocco},
  author = {{M}alb{\'e}teau, {Y}. and {M}erlin, {O}livier and {G}ascoin, {S}. and {G}astellu, {J}. {P}. and {M}attar, {C}. and {O}livera-{G}uerra, {L}. and {K}habba, {S}. and {J}arlan, {L}ionel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he remotely sensed land surface temperature ({LST}) is a key parameter to monitor surface energy and water fluxes but the strong impact of topography on {CST} has limited its use to mostly flat areas. {T}o fill the gap, this study proposes a physically-based method to normalize {LST} data for topographic-namely illumination and elevation-effects over mountainous areas. {B}oth topographic effects are first quantified by inverting a dual-source soil/vegetation energy balance ({EB}) model forced by 1) the instantaneous solar radiation simulated by a 3{D} radiative transfer model named {DART} ({D}iscrete {A}nisotropic {R}adiative {T}ransfer) that uses a digital elevation model ({DEM}), 2) a satellite-derived vegetation index, and 3) local meteorological (air temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed) data available at a given location. {T}he satellite {LST} is then normalized for topography by simulating the {LST} using both pixel- and image-scale {DART} solar radiation and elevation data. {T}he approach is tested on three {ASTER} ({A}dvanced {S}paceborne {T}hermal {E}mission and {R}eflection {R}adiometer) overpass dates over a steep-sided 6 km by 6 km area in the {A}tlas {M}ountain in {M}orocco. {T}he mean correlation coefficient and root mean square difference ({RMSD}) between {EB}-simulated and {ASTER} {LST} is 0.80 and 3 degrees {C}, respectively. {M}oreover, the {EB}-based method is found to be more accurate than a more classical approach based on a multi-linear regression with {DART} solar radiation and elevation data. {T}he {EB}-simulated {LST} is also evaluated against an extensive ground dataset of 135 autonomous 1-cm depth temperature sensors deployed over the study area. {W}hile the mean {RMSD} between 90 m resolution {ASTER} {LST} and localized ibutton measurements is 6.1 degrees {C}, the {RMSD} between {EB}-simulated {LST} and ibutton soil temperature is 5.4 and 5.3 degrees {C} for a {DEM} at 90 m and 8 m resolution, respectively. {T}he proposed topographic normalization is self-calibrated from ({LST}, {DEM}, vegetation index and in situ meteorological data) data available over large extents. {A}s a significant perspective this approach opens the path to using normalized {CST} as input to evapotranspiration retrieval methods based on {LST}.},
  keywords = {{L}and surface temperature ; {T}opographic normalization ; {ASTER} ; {E}nergy balance ; {DART} ; {DEM} ; {MAROC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{R}emote {S}ensing of {E}nvironment},
  volume = {189},
  numero = {},
  pages = {25--39},
  ISSN = {0034-4257},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.010},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069260},
}