@article{fdi:010068721,
  title = {{C}arbon footprint of smallholder farms in central {M}adagascar : the integration of agroecological practices},
  author = {{R}akotovao, {N}. {H}. and {R}azafimbelo, {T}. {M}. and {R}akotosamimanana, {S}. and {R}andrianasolo, {Z}. and {R}andriamalala, {J}. {R}. and {A}lbrecht, {A}lain},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he carbon footprint ({CFP}) assessment of smallholders offers key information on the capacities and challenges for greenhouse gas ({GHG}) mitigation at farm scale. {T}his allows prioritizing the practices that ensure both the food security of farmers and the low carbon impact associated to climate change. {T}o tackle food security challenges and to maintain sustainable environment production, agroecological practices were planned for farmers in the {I}tasy region, {C}entral {H}ighlands of {M}adagascar. {T}he project consisted of agroforestry and forestry systems, composting of organic matters, and system of rice intensification. {T}he goals of this study were (i) to assess the {CFP} of farms in the {I}tasy region {C}entral {M}adagascar, (ii) to assess the impact of agroecological practices adopted by farmers on farms {CFP}, and (iii) to compare the impact of {T}ier 1 and {T}ier 3 factors for carbon removal in woody biomass and in cropland soils on farms {CFP}. {F}or these purposes, a survey of 192 representative farms was realized during the years 2012-2013. {A}groecological practices integrated at farm scale reduced significantly farms {CFP} up to 364% in terms of land surface and up to 578% in terms of food production, suggesting an important {GHG} sequestration at farm scale. {M}ain sources of {GHG} at farms scale were: nitrous oxide from soil management (25%), methane from rice cultivation (24%), livestock manure management (24%), and enteric fermentation (23%). {T}rees planted in agroforestry and forestry systems offered the highest {GHG} mitigation benefits. {T}ier 1 factors overestimated up to 7 times higher the farms {CFP} compared to {T}ier 3 factors. {T}his study highlights that the integration of agro-ecological practices at farm scale offers significant {GHG} mitigation and carbon sequestration in {M}alagasy context, thus giving an alternative for climate change mitigation.},
  keywords = {{C}arbon footprint ; {S}mallholder farms ; {A}groecological practices ; {G}reenhouse gas emissions ; {C}limate mitigation ; {M}adagascar ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}leaner {P}roduction},
  volume = {140},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {1165--1175},
  ISSN = {0959-6526},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.045},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068721},
}