@article{fdi:010068316,
  title = {{C}ommunity deworming alleviates geohelminth-induced immune hyporesponsiveness},
  author = {{W}ammes, {L}. {J}. and {H}amid, {F}. and {W}iria, {A}. {E}. and {M}ay, {L}. and {K}aisar, {M}. {M}. {M}. and {P}rasetyani-{G}ieseler, {M}. {A}. and {D}juardi, {Y}. and {W}ibowo, {H}. and {K}ruize, {Y}. {C}. {M}. and {V}erweij, {J}. {J}. and de {J}ong, {S}. {E}. and {T}sonaka, {R}. and {H}ouwing-{D}uistermaat, {J}. {J}. and {S}artono, {E}. and {L}uty, {A}drian and {S}upali, {T}. and {Y}azdanbakhsh, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n cross-sectional studies, chronic helminth infections have been associated with immunological hyporesponsiveness that can affect responses to unrelated antigens. {T}o study the immunological effects of deworming, we conducted a cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in {I}ndonesia and assigned 954 households to receive albendazole or placebo once every 3 mo for 2 y. {H}elminth-specific and nonspecific whole-blood cytokine responses were assessed in 1,059 subjects of all ages, whereas phenotyping of regulatory molecules was undertaken in 121 school-aged children. {A}ll measurements were performed before and at 9 and 21 mo after initiation of treatment. {A}nthelmintic treatment resulted in significant increases in proinflammatory cytokine responses to {P}lasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells ({P}f{RBC}s) and mitogen, with the largest effect on {TNF} responses to {P}f{RBC}s at 9 mo-estimate [95% confidence interval], 0.37 [0.21-0.53], {P} value over time ({P}-time) < 0.0001. {A}lthough the frequency of regulatory {T} cells did not change after treatment, there was a significant decline in the expression of the inhibitory molecule cytotoxic {T} lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 ({CTLA}-4) on {CD}4(+) {T} cells of albendazole-treated individuals, -0.060 [-0.107 to -0.013] and -0.057 [-0.105 to -0.008] at 9 and 21 mo, respectively; {P}-time = 0.017. {T}his trial shows the capacity of helminths to up-regulate inhibitory molecules and to suppress proinflammatory immune responses in humans. {T}his could help to explain the inferior immunological responses to vaccines and lower prevalence of inflammatory diseases in low- compared with high-income countries.},
  keywords = {helminths ; albendazole ; cytokine responses ; {I}ndonesia ; deworming ; {INDONESIE} ; {FLORES} {ILE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {113},
  numero = {44},
  pages = {12526--12531},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1604570113},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068316},
}