@article{fdi:010067750,
  title = {{A}ssessing the long-term welfare effects of the biological control of cereal stemborer pests in {E}ast and {S}outhern {A}frica : evidence from {K}enya, {M}ozambique and {Z}ambia},
  author = {{M}idingoyi, {S}. {K}. {G}. and {A}ffognon, {H}. {D}. and {M}acharia, {I}. and {O}ng'amo, {G}. and {A}bonyo, {E}. and {O}gola, {G}. and {D}e {G}roote, {H}. and {L}e {R}ü, {B}runo},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {I}nternational {C}entre of {I}nsect {P}hysiology and {E}cology (icipe), undertook a biological control ({BC}) programme for control of stemborers from 1993 to 2008, to reduce cereal yield losses due to stemborer attack in {E}ast and {S}outhern {A}frica. {T}he programme released four biological control agents the larval parasitoids {C}otesia flavipes and {C}otesia sesamiae, the egg parasitoid {T}elenomus isis and the pupal parasitoid {X}anthopimpla stemmator to control the economically important stemborer pests {B}usseola fusca, {C}hilo partellus and {S}esamia calamistis. {T}wo of the natural enemies that were released got established and spread to many localities in the region. {T}his study adopted the economic surplus model based on production, market and {GIS} data to evaluate the economic benefits and cost-effectiveness of the programme in three countries {K}enya, {M}ozambique and {Z}ambia. {F}indings show that the biological control intervention has contributed to an aggregate monetary surplus of {US}$ 1.4 billion to the economies of the three countries with 84% from maize production and the remaining 16% from sorghum production. {T}he net present value over the twenty years period was estimated at {US}$ 272 million for both crops and ranged from {US}$ 142 million for {K}enya to {US}$ 39 million for {Z}ambia. {T}he attractive internal rate of return ({IRR}) of 67% compared to the considered discount rate of 10%, as well as the estimated benefit-cost ratio ({BCR}) of 33:1, illustrate the efficiency of investment in the {BC} research and intervention. {T}he estimated number of people lifted out of poverty through the {BC}-programme was on average 57,400 persons (consumers and producers) per year in {K}enya, 44,120 persons in {M}ozambique, and 36,170 persons in {Z}ambia, representing an annual average reduction of poor populations, respectively of 0.35, 0.25 and 0.20% in each of the three countries. {T}hese findings underscore the need for increased investment in {BC} research to sustain cereal production and improve poor living conditions.},
  keywords = {{B}io-control ; {E}conomic surplus ; {K}enya ; {M}ozambique ; {S}temborers ; {W}elfare ; {Z}ambia ; {KENYA} ; {MOZAMBIQUE} ; {ZAMBIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}griculture {E}cosystems and {E}nvironment},
  volume = {230},
  numero = {},
  pages = {10--23},
  ISSN = {0167-8809},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.026},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067750},
}