A 13-year retrospective study on primary liver cancer in Cambodia : a strikingly high hepatitis C occurrence among hepatocellular carcinoma cases Chassagne, F. Rojas, T. R. /Bertani, Stéphane /Bourdy, Geneviève Eav, S. Ruiz, E. Pineau, P. /Deharo, Eric Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Opisthorchis viverrini Cambodia Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of primary liver cancer (PLC) worldwide, but cholangio-carcinoma (CCA) may be predominant in some specific regions of Southeast Asia. The aim of the present study was to delineate a pattern of Cambodian PLC patients attending the Calmette Hospital in the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh. Materials and Methods: A total of 553 medical charts diagnosing PLCs from January 2003 to May 2015 were obtained from both the Oncology and Hepato-Gastroenterology Departments of the Calmette Hospital. Results: HCC was the predominant type of PLC recorded, with 511 cases (92.4%), whereas CCA represented merely 7.6% (42 cases) of the overall series. Hepatitis B virus (HBV; 44.3%) and hepatitis C virus (HCV; 43%) infection rates were similar among the HCC patients, while small subsets of CCA patients were infected with HBV (15.4%) or HCV (11.5%). Most HCC (84%) and CCA (73.8%) patients received palliative treatment only. Conclusion: The present study indicates that HCC is the main form of primary hepatic neoplasm among PLC patients attending a hospital in Cambodia. HBV and HCV infections represented equivalent burdens and major contributing factors to HCC. Therefore, the implementation of prevention programs for these infectious agents should become a priority for health policy makers in the country. 2016 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067735 fdi:010067735 Chassagne F., Rojas T. R., Bertani Stéphane, Bourdy Geneviève, Eav S., Ruiz E., Pineau P., Deharo Eric. A 13-year retrospective study on primary liver cancer in Cambodia : a strikingly high hepatitis C occurrence among hepatocellular carcinoma cases. 2016, 91 (2), 106-116 EN CAMBODGE