@article{fdi:010066960,
  title = {{I}nconsistent strategies to spin up models in {CMIP}5 : implications for ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment},
  author = {{S}{\'e}f{\'e}rian, {R}. and {G}ehlen, {M}. and {B}opp, {L}. and {R}esplandy, {L}. and {O}rr, {J}. {C}. and {M}arti, {O}. and {D}unne, {J}. {P}. and {C}hristian, {J}. {R}. and {D}oney, {S}. {C}. and {I}lyina, {T}. and {L}indsay, {K}. and {H}alloran, {P}. {R}. and {H}einze, {C}. and {S}egschneider, {J}. and {T}jiputra, {J}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {R}omanou, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}uring the fifth phase of the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}nter-comparison {P}roject ({CMIP}5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of {E}arth system models. {O}ne goal was to check how realistically representative marine biogeochemical tracer distributions could be reproduced by models. {I}n routine assessments model historical hind-casts were compared with available modern biogeochemical observations. {H}owever, these assessments considered neither how close modeled biogeochemical reservoirs were to equilibrium nor the sensitivity of model performance to initial conditions or to the spin-up protocols. {H}ere, we explore how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for marine biogeochemistry in {CMIP}5 {E}arth system models ({ESM}s) contributes to model-to-model differences in the simulated fields. {W}e take advantage of a 500-year spin-up simulation of {IPSL}-{CM}5{A}-{LR} to quantify the influence of the spin-up protocol on model ability to reproduce relevant data fields. {A}mplification of biases in selected biogeochemical fields ({O}-2, {NO}3, {A}lk-{DIC}) is assessed as a function of spin-up duration. {W}e demonstrate that a relationship between spin-up duration and assessment metrics emerges from our model results and holds when confronted with a larger ensemble of {CMIP}5 models. {T}his shows that drift has implications for performance assessment in addition to possibly aliasing estimates of climate change impact. {O}ur study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols could explain a substantial part of model disparities, constituting a source of model-to-model uncertainty. {T}his requires more attention in future model intercomparison exercises in order to provide quantitatively more correct {ESM} results on marine biogeochemistry and carbon cycle feedbacks.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eoscientific {M}odel {D}evelopment},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1827--1851},
  ISSN = {1991-959{X}},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066960},
}