@article{fdi:010066951,
  title = {{T}rend to explain the distribution of root-knot nematodes {M}eloidogyne spp. associated with olive trees in {M}orocco},
  author = {{A}li, {N}. and {T}avoillot, {J}ohannes and {C}hapuis, {E}lodie and {M}ateille, {T}hierry},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{K}nowing which factors affect the distribution of organisms provides useful insights for the management of biodiversity. {F}or root-knot nematodes {M}eloidogyne ({RKN}), a critical threat in agriculture, an understanding of the constraints that impact their diversity is a fundamental prerequisite for their control. {RKN} are reported to be major pests on olive trees, mainly in high-density orchards and in nurseries. {T}his study was undertaken in order to characterise the {M}eloidogyne species associated with olive trees in {M}orocco and to consider how anthropogenic stresses and some edaphic and climatic factors may be involved in their spatial distribution. {A} soil sampling was conducted in the main olive growing areas in {M}orocco, including wild, feral and cultivated olive trees. {RKN} were detected in 12.2% of the samples. {T}he analysis of biochemical (esterase patterns) and molecular ({SCARS}, {D}2{D}3) markers revealed the occurrence of {M}. javanica (as the predominant species), {M}. arenaria, {M}. hapla,{M}. spartelensis and of an undescribed species {M}eloidogyne n.sp. {S}ome esterase variability was detected in {M}. javanica and {M}. hapla populations. {T}he {RKN} species were distributed everywhere on an aggregated basis. {H}owever, {M}. javanica was recorded in high abundance throughout the cultivated areas in {M}orocco in high-density and traditionally cultivated olive orchards and rarely on some feral olive, while the other species were detected in low abundance on wild olive in mountain plant refuge areas in northern and southern {M}orocco. {N}evertheless, the large distribution of {M}. javanica in cultivated areas could be primarily due to widespread introductions from nurseries, followed by multiple founder processes favoured by local conditions such as irrigation and planting density. {I}n contrast, the detection of the other species hosted by wild olive only in plant refuge areas suggest that these areas host ancestral nematode species that did not disperse in the absence of human activities.},
  keywords = {{D}istribution ; {D}iversity ; {M}eloidogyne ; {M}orocco ; {O}live ; {S}pecies identification ; {MAROC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}griculture {E}cosystems and {E}nvironment},
  volume = {225},
  numero = {},
  pages = {22--32},
  ISSN = {0167-8809},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.042},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066951},
}