Yerbanga R. S. auteur aut IRD Rayaisse J. B. auteur aut IRD Vantaux Amélie auteur aut IRD Salou E. auteur aut IRD Mouline Karine auteur aut IRD Hien F. auteur aut IRD Habluetzel A. auteur aut IRD Dabiré R. K. auteur aut IRD Ouédraogo J. B. auteur aut IRD Solano Philippe auteur aut IRD Lefèvre T. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background: Research efforts to identify possible alternative control tools for malaria and African trypanosomiasis are needed. One promising approach relies on the use of traditional plant remedies with insecticidal activities. Methods: In this study, we assessed the effect of blood treated with different doses of NeemAzal (R) (NA, neem seed extract) on mosquitoes (Anopheles coluzzii) and tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis gambiensis) (i) avidity to feed on the treated blood, (ii) longevity, and (iii) behavioural responses to human and calf odours in dual-choice tests. We also gauged NeemAzal (R) toxicity in mice. Results: In An. coluzzii, the ingestion of NA in bloodmeals offered by membrane feeding resulted in (i) primary antifeedancy; (ii) decreased longevity; and (iii) reduced response to host odours. In G. palpalis gambiensis, NA caused (i) a knock-down effect; (ii) decreased or increased longevity depending on the dose; and (iii) reduced response to host stimuli. In both cases, NA did not affect the anthropophilic rate of activated insects. Overall, the most significant effects were observed with NA treated bloodmeals at a dose of 2000 mu g/ml for mosquitoes and 50 mu g/ml for tsetse flies. Although no mortality in mice was observed after 14 days of follow-up at oral doses of 3.8, 5.6, 8.4 and 12.7 g/kg, behavioural alterations were noticed at doses above 8 g/kg. Conclusion: This study revealed promising activity of NA on A. coluzzii and G. palpalis gambiensis but additional research is needed to assess field efficacy of neem products to be possibly integrated in vector control programmes. specialized Anopheles coluzzii Glossina palpalis gambiensis African trypanosomes Malaria parasite Neem NeemAzal (R) Host-seeking behaviours Anthropophily Vector-borne diseases BURKINA FASO AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE 052 080 076 9 art. 263 [14 p.] 2016 1756-3305 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066896 10.1186/s13071-016-1538-x 1756-3305 [F B010066896] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066896 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-06/010066896.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2016-06-29 2018-12-18 fdi:010066896 fre