Koffi M. auteur aut IRD De Meeûs Thierry auteur aut IRD Séré M. auteur aut IRD Bucheton Bruno auteur aut IRD Simo G. auteur aut IRD Njiokou F. auteur aut IRD Salim B. auteur aut IRD Kaboré J. auteur aut IRD MacLeod A. auteur aut IRD Camara M. auteur aut IRD Solano Philippe auteur aut IRD Belem A.M.G. auteur aut IRD Jamonneau Vincent auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Trypanosomatidae are a dangerous family of Euglenobionta parasites that threaten the health and economy of millions of people around the world. More precisely describing the population biology and reproductive mode of such pests is not only a matter of pure science, but can also be useful for understanding parasite adaptation, as well as how parasitism, specialization (parasite specificity), and complex life cycles evolve over time. Studying this parasite’s reproductive strategies and population structure can also contribute key information to the understanding of the epidemiology of associated diseases; it can also provide clues for elaborating control programs and predicting the probability of success for control campaigns (such as vaccines and drug therapies), along with emergence or re-emergence risks. Population genetics tools, if appropriately used, can provide precise and useful information in these investigations. In this paper, we revisit recent data collected during population genetics surveys of different Trypanosoma species in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive modes and population structure depend not only on the taxon but also on the geographical location and data quality (absence or presence of DNA amplification failures). We conclude on issues regarding future directions of research, in particular vis-à-vis genotyping and sampling strategies, which are still relevant yet, too often, neglected issues. specialized AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE 052 020 9 10 e0003985 [21 ] 2015 1935-2735 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065820 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003985 1935-2735 [F B010065820] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065820 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers15-11/010065820.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2015-11-13 2015-12-18 fdi:010065820 fre