@article{fdi:010065523,
  title = {{E}stimates of tidal mixing in the {I}ndonesian archipelago from multidisciplinary {INDOMIX} in-situ data},
  author = {{K}och {L}arrouy, {A}riane and {A}tmadipoera, {A}. and van {B}eek, {P}. and {M}adec, {G}. and {A}ucan, {J}er{\^o}me and {L}yard, {F}. and {G}relet, {J}acques and {S}ouhaut, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {I}ndonesian {M}ixing program ({INDOMIX}) was designed to quantify the very strong mixing that transforms {P}acific waters into isohaline {I}ndonesian {W}aters in the {I}ndonesian archipelago. {T}he turbulent dissipation rates and associated mixing were estimated and analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach that combines physical and geochemical in-situ observations: (1) direct measurements of the dissipation using a microstructure profiler, (2) use of density-based fine-scale methods applied to {CTD} and {XCTD} data, and (3) study of the vertical distribution of natural radionuclides (radium isotopes and actinium-227). {D}ata were collected at five contrasting stations within the {I}ndonesian archipelago, found above energetic straits or in relatively quiescent large basins. {S}trong instabilities, inversions of the density profiles and a very strong water mass transformation were observed. {A} wide range of dissipation values were obtained (between [10(-10), 10(-4)] {W} kg(-1)) with spots of higher dissipation in the ocean interior correlated with a strong internal tide signal. {B}oth the fine-scale and micro-scale methods allow us to identify very strong energy dissipation levels above the straits, ranging between [10(-7), 10(-4)] {W} kg(-1), in contrast to lower values at stations further away from the generation sites. {T}he dissipation for the station located in the center of the {H}almahera {S}ea ([10(-9), 10(-8)] {W} kg(-1)) is stronger than for the {B}anda station ([10(-11), 10(-16)] {W} kg(-1)), which is even further away from the generation sites. {T}he three approaches agree relatively well and provide vertical eddy diffusivities values ranging between 5 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-1) m(2) s(-1), except in the {B}anda {S}ea where values are similar to the ones found in the open ocean (10(-6) m(2) s). {CTD} and {XCTD} profilers (deployed between stations) give estimates of dissipation all along the transit. {I}t is found that enhanced mixing occurs preferentially above rough topography, such as in the {O}mbai {S}trait, the {H}almahera {S}ea's northern entrance, the {B}uru strait and {S}umba strait. {F}inestructure parameters are very sensitive to depth and dissipation, which differs between stations. {W}e recommend more systematic microstructure measurement in order to tune these parameters. {S}urface mixing, at the base of the mixed layer is found to be very strong with values between [10-4, 10(-3) m(2) s(-1)]. {T}hese results confirm the modeling studies that suggest the occurrence of intensified subsurface mixing which cools the sea surface temperatures and thus strongly affects the mean and variability of the tropical climate. {W}e conclude, therefore, that climate models need to take into account this intensified ocean mixing to properly represent the mean state of the atmosphere and its climate variability.},
  keywords = {{V}ertical mixing ; {I}nternal tides ; {I}ndonesian seas ; {M}icrostructure ; {F}inestructure ; {N}atural radionuclides ; {INDONESIE} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {HALMAHERA} {MER} ; {SERAM} {MER} ; {BANDA} {MER} ; {SULU} {MER}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{D}eep-{S}ea {R}esearch {P}art {I} : {O}ceanographic {R}esearch {P}apers},
  volume = {106},
  numero = {},
  pages = {136--153},
  ISSN = {0967-0637},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.09.007},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065523},
}